Repeated exposure to butenolide vapour: subacute study in Syrian golden hamsters.

abstract：:In this study, some biochemical features and the extent of inhibition induced by the organophosphorous pesticide azinphos-methyl on the cholinesterase (ChE) activity present in whole soft tissue of two freshwater invertebrate species, the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus were ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kristoff G,Guerrero NV,de D'Angelo AM,Cochón AC

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:An in vitro model of the rat nasal cavity has been used to compare the responses of nasal tissues in vitro, using loss of intracellular ATP and potassium as indices of toxicity, with the pathological changes occurring following in vivo exposure to four test compounds. Turbinates were incubated in vitro with the test c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kilgour JD,Simpson SA,Alexander DJ,Reed CJ

更新日期：2000-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) release and induces positive energy balances. Previous studies have reported that ghrelin inhibits apoptosis in several cell types but the precise underlying protective mechanisms in pancreatic beta cells are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated which pathway was related...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zhang Y,Ying B,Shi L,Fan H,Yang D,Xu D,Wei Y,Hu X,Zhang Y,Zhang X,Wang T,Liu D,Dou L,Chen G,Jiang F,Wen F

更新日期：2007-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was examined whether or not 2-bromoethyamine, a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO, EC; 1.4.3.6) inhibitor, would increase an active dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) generation in the rat striatum. Rats were anesthetized, and ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Obata T

更新日期：2006-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:NLRC5, a newly found member of the NLR family and the largest member of nucleotide-binding, has been reported to regulate immune responses and is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the mechanisms and signaling pathways of NLRC5 in HCC progression. Increased expression of NLRC5, vascular en...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： He YH,Li MF,Zhang XY,Meng XM,Huang C,Li J

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microcystine-YR (20 ug/kg bodyweight) and 8 ug/kg bodyweight of nodularin were intraperitoneally injected to 90 female Swiss mice. After 15, 30, 60 min and 24 h the changes were observed in the activity of some glucosidases in the complete cell homogenate and in the lysosomal, microsomal and cytosol fraction. Signific...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lankoff A,Kolataj A

更新日期：2000-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical trials with antidotes are difficult to perform for a variety of practical, ethical, and financial reasons. As acute poisoning is a rare event, the commercial interest in basic and clinical research is low. Poisoned patients are usually not available for normal clinical trial procedures and, if they are, they ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Steffen C

更新日期：2007-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead exposure causes cognitive and behavioral deficits in some children. We have proposed that the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the human pseudodeficient arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene that result in reduced levels of the enzyme, and lead concentrations that decrease ARSA activity, culminate in cel...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chen XG,Poretz RD

更新日期：2001-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Gambogic acid (GA), a major active component of gamboge, exhibits potent anticancer activity in many kinds of cancer cells. However, the anticancer mechanism of GA is not clearly understood. Here we showed that GA could cause growth inhibition, induce the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human chronic my...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li R,Chen Y,Zeng LL,Shu WX,Zhao F,Wen L,Liu Y

更新日期：2009-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Aluminium has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases but exact mechanism of action is still not known. Mitochondria being a major site of reactive oxygen species production are considered to be target of oxidative stress and it seems that the oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins may underlie the p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kumar V,Bal A,Gill KD

更新日期：2009-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria are cellular powerhouses as well as metabolic and signaling hubs regulating diverse cellular functions, from basic physiology to phenotypic fate determination. It is widely accepted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in mitochondria participate in the regulation of cellular signaling, and that s...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Blajszczak C,Bonini MG

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a matter of global concern. Arsenic intake impairs immune responses and leads to a variety of pathological conditions including cancer. In order to understand the intricate tuning of immune responses elicited by chronic exposure to arsenic, a mouse model was established by su...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Choudhury S,Gupta P,Ghosh S,Mukherjee S,Chakraborty P,Chatterji U,Chattopadhyay S

更新日期：2016-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary exposure to vomitoxin (VT) results in hyperelevated serum IgA and IgA nephropathy in mice. To assess the possible role of cytokines in this IgA dysregulation, the effects of a single oral exposure in B6C3F1 male mice to 0, 5 or 25 mg/kg BW VT on production of IgA and cytokines in Peyer's patch (PP) and spleen ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yan D,Zhou HR,Brooks KH,Pestka JJ

更新日期：1997-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:An impaired gut-liver axis is a potential factor that contributes to alcoholic liver disease. Specifically, ethanol decreases intestinal integrity and causes gut dysbiosis. Butyrate, a fermentation byproduct of gut microbiota, is negatively altered following acute ethanol exposure. This study aimed to determine whethe...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chen J,Xuan YH,Luo MX,Ni XG,Ling LQ,Hu SJ,Chen JQ,Xu JY,Jiang LY,Si WZ,Xu L,Gao H,Liu Z,Li H

更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been widely accepted that microglia, which are the innate immune cells in the brain, upon activation can cause neuronal damage. In the present study, we investigated the role of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in regulating microglial nitric oxide production and its role in causing neuronal damage. T...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li Y,Chen G,Zhao J,Nie X,Wan C,Liu J,Duan Z,Xu G

更新日期：2013-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Three new natural mycotoxins, analogues of ochratoxin A, in which the phenylalanine moiety is replaced by serine, hydroxyproline or lysine, were isolated from cultures of Aspergillus ochraceus by TLC followed by HPLC column chromatography. Their structures were determined after acidic hydrolysis by the characterisatio...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hadidane R,Bacha H,Creppy EE,Hammami M,Ellouze F,Dirheimer G

更新日期：1992-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with a long biological half-life in humans and is recognized as a toxic pollutant. Cd is also a potential neurotoxicant and its exposure is associated with olfactory impairment in humans. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of Cd neurotoxicity are not well defined. Adult neurog...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang H,Engstrom AK,Xia Z

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work has indicated that testosterone pretreatment protects against cadmium-induced toxicity in male rats while other data indicate that pretreatment of mice with testosterone offers no such protection against cadmium. Since cadmium toxicity may vary widely with species and strain, we examined the effect of te...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Shimada H,Bare RM,Hochadel JF,Waalkes MP

更新日期：1997-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Our previous study revealed that exposure to 0.4 ppm ozone (O(3)) enhanced nasal allergy-like reactions in guinea pigs. In the present study, we investigated the concentration-dependency of the effects of exposure to O(3) on the aggravation of nasal allergy-like reactions induced by repeated nasal administration of an...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Iijima MK,Kobayashi T

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to compare the roles of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists nifedipine, nitrendipine, amlodipine on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical approaches. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five experimental g...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Liu LL,Li QX,Xia L,Li J,Shao L

更新日期：2007-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Indoor suspended particulate matter (SPM) consists of many different types of particles, the vast majority of which are less than 2.5 microm in diameter. An important question is how these particles, being inhalable, contribute to asthma and respiratory symptoms. One possibility is that these particles have an adjuvan...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ormstad H,Gaarder PI,Johansen BV,Løvik M

更新日期：1998-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Tributyltin (TBT), a toxic and widespread environmental contaminant, has been shown to inhibit natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic function significantly. Inhibition of NK cell cytotoxic function has the potential to increase viral infections and tumor growth. Upon NK cell binding to lysis-sensitive tumor cells, an int...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Aluoch AO,Odman-Ghazi SO,Whalen MM

更新日期：2006-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-induced lung damage in mice is an excellent model system for studying mechanisms of chemically-induced, reversible alveolar injury. Changes in the pulmonary contents of protein kinase C (PKC) and the calcium-dependent protease, calpain, were previously noted during the repair phase follo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Miller AC,Dwyer-Nield LD,Malkinson AM

更新日期：1995-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The combined effects of ethyl alcohol (ETOH) intoxication and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning were studied in the Levine-prepared rat. Infusion or injection of ETOH before and during 90 min of CO exposure to blood levels 2-4 times those considered legally drunk in humans, increased survival at 2400 ppm, and extended th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sharma P,Penney DG

更新日期：1990-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents an overview of issues related to surface water contamination arising from uranium mining activities in the Alligator Rivers Region (ARR) of northern Australia, and a program of research and monitoring that must assess the potential and actual effects on ecosystem and human health. The program of as...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van Dam RA,Humphrey CL,Martin P

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A has been shown to affect the reproduction of male rats and mice. However, the mechanism of action of bisphenol A on the epididymal sperm is not elucidated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bisphenol A on the antioxidant system of rat epididymal sperm. Bisphenol A was administered ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chitra KC,Latchoumycandane C,Mathur PP

更新日期：2003-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Groundwater (GW) from the Bitterfeld industrial region, Central Germany, is contaminated mainly with monochlorobenzene (MCB). Accordingly, current research addresses the development of feasible in situ groundwater remediation technologies. Although easily degradable under aerobic conditions, MCB persists in the essent...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bittkau A,Geyer R,Bhatt M,Schlosser D

更新日期：2004-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Paracetamol, in toxic doses, is associated with extensive liver damage. This represents one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in drug poisoning cases. This study was undertaken to investigate the possible potentiation of the hepatoprotective action of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) by cimetidine (CMD), an inhibi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Al-Mustafa ZH,Al-Ali AK,Qaw FS,Abdul-Cader Z

更新日期：1997-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent epidemiological study showed an increased risk for bone fractures after chronic low-level cadmium exposure. This finding agrees with those of cadmium accumulation in rat bones after chronic oral exposure which reduced the mechanical strength of the bones. There are indications that ossicular cadmium uptake ma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hunder G,Javdani J,Elsenhans B,Schümann K

更新日期：2001-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The attempts to use nitroxide free radicals and nitrone spin traps topically in skin requires analysis of their potential cutaneous adverse effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the skin irritation and sensitizing potential of nitroxides and nitrones in the guinea pig. The following unsubstituted nit...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fuchs J,Groth N,Herrling T

更新日期：1998-02-20 00:00:00