Abstract:
:An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of bovine proinsulin to insulin has been purified from a bovine pancreatic extract. The product of conversion was identified as insulin by aminoacid analysis and determination of carboxyl terminal aminoacid residues. The purified enzyme preparation showed one major protein band on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis; it had a molecular weight of about 70,000 and an isoelectric point (pI) at a pH of 4.82.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Yip CCdoi
10.1073/pnas.68.6.1312subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1971-06-01 00:00:00pages
1312-5issue
6eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章abstract::[3H]Forskolin bound to high- and low-affinity sites in the rat brain. The high-affinity site was discretely located, with highest densities in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercule, substantia nigra, hippocampus, and the molecular layers of the cerebellum. This site did not correlate well with the distr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.9.3216
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. The transcriptional corepressor CtBP (carboxyl-terminal binding protein) also plays a fundamental role in these processes. Our previous studies indicate that HIPK2 participates in a pathw...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0409373102
更新日期:2005-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase that plays a central role in the control of mRNA translation. It physiologically phosphorylates the S6 protein of the 40s ribosomal subunit in response to mitogenic stimuli and is a downstream component of the rapamycin-sensitive pathway, which includes th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.8351
更新日期:1998-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::The release of urine, or micturition, serves a fundamental physiological function and, in many species, is critical for social communication. In mice, the pattern of urine release is modulated by external and internal factors and transmitted to the spinal cord via the pontine micturition center (PMC). Here, we exploit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2018078118
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The brain disturbances that place a person at risk for developing depression are unknown. We imaged the brains of 131 individuals, ages 6 to 54 years, who were biological descendants (children or grandchildren) of individuals identified as having either moderate to severe, recurrent, and functionally debilitating depr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805311106
更新日期:2009-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Lineage specification is thought to be largely regulated at the level of transcription, where lineage-specific transcription factors drive specific cell fates. MicroRNAs (miR), vital to many cell functions, act posttranscriptionally to decrease the expression of target mRNAs. MLL-AF4 acute lymphocytic leukemia exhibit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1220710110
更新日期:2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular mechanisms by which transcription is selectively activated and precisely controlled by signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) factors represent a central issue in cytokine-mediated cellular responses. Stat6 mediates responses to IL-4 and antagonizes Stat1 activated by IFN-gamma. We have ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506981103
更新日期:2006-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::The global gene expression profiles for 67 human lung tumors representing 56 patients were examined by using 24,000-element cDNA microarrays. Subdivision of the tumors based on gene expression patterns faithfully recapitulated morphological classification of the tumors into squamous, large cell, small cell, and adenoc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.241500798
更新日期:2001-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::The use of probes to genes (IG and TCRB) encoding immunoglobulins (IG) and the beta chain of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCRB), respectively, have become a sensitive means to assess clonality and lineage in lymphoid malignancies. It has become apparent that some individual cases show rearrangements of both IG and TCR...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.22.8759
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphism in materials often leads to significantly different physical properties--the rutile and anatase polymorphs of TiO2 are a prime example. Polytypism is a special type of polymorphism, occurring in layered materials when the geometry of a repeating structural layer is maintained but the layer-stacking sequen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1502460112
更新日期:2015-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::When we grasp and manipulate an object, populations of tactile nerve fibers become activated and convey information about the shape, size, and texture of the object and its motion across the skin. The response properties of tactile fibers have been extensively characterized in single-unit recordings, yielding importan...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1704856114
更新日期:2017-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy, a conserved pathway that delivers intracellular materials into lysosomes for degradation, is involved in development, aging, and a variety of diseases. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy plays a protective role against infectious diseases by diminishing intracellular pathogens, including bact...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1405032111
更新日期:2014-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmons, the collective oscillations of interacting electrons, possess emergent properties that dramatically alter the optical response of metals. We predict the existence of a new class of plasmons-chiral Berry plasmons (CBPs)-for a wide range of 2D metallic systems including gapped Dirac materials. As we show, in t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1519086113
更新日期:2016-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast mutants in which genes encoding subunits of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase were interrupted were assayed for their vacuolar ATPase and proton-uptake activities. The vacuoles from the mutants lacking subunits A (72 kDa), B (57 kDa), or c (proteolipid, 16 kDa) were completely inactive in these reactions. Immunological s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.5.1938
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using short-term cultures of hamster embryo cells, we have examined the effects of the free-radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) and the enzyme catalase (hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogenperoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) on x-ray- and bleomycin-induced transformation ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.5.1304
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual receptive fields (RFs) were mapped inside and outside the cortical representation of the optic disk in the striate cortex (area V1) of anesthetized and paralyzed Cebus monkeys. Unexpectedly, most cells were found to be binocularly driven, and the RFs mapped with contralateral-eye stimulation progressed in a top...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.18.8547
更新日期:1992-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::[14C]Naphthalene was given orally to rats with cannulated bile ducts and to germ-free rats. Bile and urine from the cannulated rats and urine from the germ-free rats contained no radioactive 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-methylthionaphthalene and only trace amounts of radioactive naphthols or naphthol conjugates. Urine of c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.3.668
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amber suppressor tRNA genes were constructed by site-specific mutagenesis of the anticodons of human lysine-inserting tRNA (tRNA(Lys)) and glutamine-inserting tRNA (tRNA(Gln)) genes, and a Xenopus laevis tyrosine-inserting tRNA (tRNA(Tyr)) gene. As previous in vitro studies in prokaryotes have shown that substitution ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.8.2185
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induction, maintenance, and amplification of tumor-protective immunity after cytokine gene therapy is essential for the clinical success of immunotherapeutic approaches. We investigated whether this could be achieved by single-chain IL-12 (scIL-12) gene therapy followed by tumor-targeted IL-2 using a fusion protein co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.15.8591
更新日期:1999-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Formation of neural circuits depends on stable contacts between neuronal processes, mediated by interaction of cell adhesion molecules, including N-cadherin. In the present study, we found that activity-dependent dendrite arborization specifically requires N-cadherin-mediated extracellular neuron-neuron interaction, b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1003480107
更新日期:2010-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::The possible role of guanosine 5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate (pppGpp) in protein synthesis by Escherichia coli ribosomes and protein factors was examined. Although pppGpp could effectively substitute for GTP in reactions catalyzed by initiation factor 2 (ribosomal binding of fMet-tRNA and formation of N-formylmethion...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.11.3250
更新日期:1973-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand how the relatively flat antigen-combining sites of antibodies interact with the concave shaped substrate-binding clefts of proteases, we determined the structures of two antibodies in complex with the trypsin-like hepatocyte growth-factor activator (HGFA). The two inhibitory antibodies, Ab58 and A...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0708251104
更新日期:2007-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic infections and tissue injuries trigger the assembly of inflammasomes, cytosolic protein complexes that activate caspase-1, leading to cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 and to pyroptosis, a proinflammatory cell death program. Although microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is known to induce t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1320294111
更新日期:2014-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Truncation selection is known to be the most efficient form of directional selection. When this is modified so that the fitness increases linearly over a range of one or two standard deviations of the value of the selected character, the efficiency is reduced, but not greatly. When truncation selection is compared to ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.1.396
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Old Italian violins are routinely credited with playing qualities supposedly unobtainable in new instruments. These qualities include the ability to project their sound more effectively in a concert hall-despite seeming relatively quiet under the ear of the player-compared with new violins. Although researchers have l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619443114
更新日期:2017-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Newly synthesized rat islet proteins have been analyzed by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and fluorography. A minor component having an apparent molecular weight of 11,100 was identified as preproinsulin by the sensitivity of its synthesis to glucose, the pattern of NH2-terminal leucine residues, and the rapi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.3.1260
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a variety of statistical methods for obtaining precise quantitative estimates of the similarities and differences in the structures of semantic domains in different languages. The methods include comparing mean correlations within and between groups, principal components analysis of interspeaker c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1.518
更新日期:2000-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Opioid drugs produce their pharmacological effects by activating inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein-linked mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors. One major effector for these receptors is adenylyl cyclase, which is inhibited upon receptor activation. However, little is known about which of the te...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0508812103
更新日期:2006-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::A solid-phase immunoadsorbent capable of binding mouse interferon has been prepared. Starting from crude tissue-culture material, interferon could be purified 1990 times in a single step of affinity chromatography. Overall recovery ranged from 55 to 103% with tissue culture and mouse-brain interferon; however, only 5%...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.4.1037
更新日期:1973-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse adipsin gene encodes a member of the serine protease family that is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue and is secreted into the bloodstream. Adipsin expression is sharply down-regulated in several models of genetic and acquired obesity, representing the first example of an adipocyte gene whose express...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7490
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00