Abstract:
:Topographical maps form the basis of the organization in many projections within the central nervous system, but in the neuromuscular system such detailed spatial organization has generally been assumed to be absent and indeed unnecessary for normal function (see, for example, ref. 1). However, there is some physiological evidence for a degree of spatial organization within the discrete, longitudinal motor columns which supply individual muscles. We have used horseradish peroxidase as a retrograde tracer to confirm the topographical relationship between the rostro-caudal location of motoneuron cell bodies and the antero-posterior motor unit distribution in the rat gluteus maximus muscle. We also provide evidence for a further axis of intracolumnar organization. The motor pools of the rat intercostal muscles, whose axons lie in a single, segmental nerve, have a ventro-dorsal axis in the ventral horn on which is mapped the proximo-distal position of the motor units. This suggests that during development, not only are motoneurons specified to innervate a particular muscle, but project within that muscle to a predictable location according to their position in the motoneuron pool. The presence of such topographical maps suggests that motoneurons are subject to greater developmental constraints than previously thought.
journal_name
Neurosci Lettjournal_title
Neuroscience lettersauthors
Hardman VJ,Brown MCdoi
10.1016/0304-3940(85)90598-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-10-10 00:00:00pages
325-9issue
3eissn
0304-3940issn
1872-7972pii
0304-3940(85)90598-1journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We examined the association between endogenous opioid β-endorphin, cancer progression and pain in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer, with a rat C3(1) simian virus 40 large tumor antigen fusion gene (C3TAg). C3TAg mice develop ductal epithelial atypia at 8 weeks, progression to intra-epithelial neoplasia at 12 ...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135601
更新日期:2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that alpha-tocopherol (Vit. E) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) might exert direct effects on alcohol-induced contractions of canine basilar cerebral arteries. After precontraction of arterial ring segments with ethanol, PDTC (10(-8)-10(-6) M) and Vit. E (10(...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01588-9
更新日期:2001-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Eight young males were subjected to a single blind cross-over test to see the effects of vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin; VB12) on the phase-response of the circadian melatonin rhythm to a single bright light exposure. VB12 (0.5 mg/day) or vehicle was injected intravenously at 1230 h for 11 days, which was followed by or...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13247-x
更新日期:1996-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::Physical exercise-induced inflammation may be beneficial when exercise is regular but it may be harmful when exercise is intense and performed by unaccustomed individuals/rats. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has recently emerged as a powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic molecule in a number of pathologi...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134577
更新日期:2020-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the ERP (event-related potential) correlates of categorization processing in brand extension with irrelative task. Participants faced two sequential stimuli in a pair consisting of a soft drink brand name (S1) and a product name (S2) which comprised two categories: beverage (typical product of the ...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.07.043
更新日期:2012-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Previous pharmacokinetics and electrophysiological results indicated an important role of nicotine in the modulation of dopamine transporter (DAT). To elucidate the expression changes of DAT on chronic nicotine and smoke administration, the effects of nicotine and passive cigarette smoke on DAT mRNA expression in the ...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.053
更新日期:2004-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) is involved in the generation of the optokinetic response. Previous studies showed that most nBOR neurons exhibit direction-selectivity in response to largefield motion. We investigated the responses of pigeon nBOR neurons to drifting sine wave gratings of varying spatial and...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01734-7
更新日期:2001-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is one of few regions in the adult mammalian brain characterized by ongoing neurogenesis. It has been demonstrated that Noggin antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) to create a niche for subventricular zone neurogenesis. We previously demonstrated that Noggin and BMP4 sho...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.05.043
更新日期:2004-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::During neuronal development, the neuroepithelial stem cells (NSCs) initially undergo proliferative divisions, later switching to neurogenic ones whereby one NSC and a post-mitotic neuron are generated. We recently showed that a member of the PRDM family of transcriptional regulators, PRDM4/SC1, recruits a type II prot...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.051
更新日期:2013-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Complement is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), like multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and trauma. The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are thought to be the major contributors to complement-mediated inflammation in the CNS, likely mediating their effects vi...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.07.015
更新日期:2005-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Using retrograde transport of Fluoro-Gold (FG) combined with immunofluorescence for phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), we have examined afferents to the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (nucleus paragigantocellularis; PGi) in rats sustaining lesions of the medullary adren...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3940(90)90612-d
更新日期:1990-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Opiate withdrawal syndrome is temporally associated with the hyperactivity of locus coeruleus neurons. Previous studies have shown that this hyperactivity, at least in part, results from the activity of excitatory afferents which mainly include the orexinergic neurons of hypothalamus and glutamatergic neurons of parag...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.051
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intra-adrenal distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactive nerve fibres was studied in rats subjected to various denervations. Splanchnic nerve section eliminated the NOS-immunoreactive nerve fibres which innervate adrenal chromaffin and neuronal cells. It did not affect those innervating blood vesse...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11514-w
更新日期:1995-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::The central projections of axotomized fibers were assessed to investigate how well these matched the modality of the reinnervated receptor. Our results using intrafiber injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and cord dorsum potentials evoked by intracellular stimulation of single afferents indicate that regeneratin...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3940(89)90266-8
更新日期:1989-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to gestational diabetes (GD) in rats leads to dysplasia of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN), decisively involved into the regulation of body weight and metabolism. Recently, we have shown here that VMN malformation is absent in adult offspring of GD mothers treated by pancreatic islet transplantati...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.08.066
更新日期:2003-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intraplantar dexmedetomidine to relieve neuropathic pain and determine the role of peripheral α2-adrenoceptors. Neuropathic pain was induced by ligating the L5 and L6 spinal nerves in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and mechanical allodynia was assessed using von Frey ...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.10.002
更新日期:2013-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular recording techniques were used to monitor the evoked responses in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells following focal stimulation of the proximally and distally located apical dendritic synapses. The local anaesthetic, QX-314, when injected into individual cells, caused a complete time-dependent blockade of ...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90665-3
更新日期:1994-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::The electron microscopic findings in cats after complete interruption of all afferents to caudate nucleus as well as of its efferent fibers, suggest that the type IX synapses, the presynaptic component of which contains large empty round vesicles, are formed by the axon terminals of intrinsic neurons. They make synapt...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3940(77)90033-7
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are increasingly used in research of neuropsychiatric disorders and for brain-computer interface applications. However, results on attentional modulation of ASSRs are inconclusive. The evaluation of large-scale effects of task-related modulation on ASSRs might give better estima...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.033
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of the medial septum (MS) enhances the synchronized firing of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. At least two distinct mechanisms might be recruited in this process: GABAergic inhibition of hippocampal inhibitory interneurons and cholinergic enhancement of pyramidal cell excitability. In the present study,...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.09.035
更新日期:2006-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::Curcumin is capable of promoting peripheral nerve regeneration in normal condition. However, it is unclear whether its beneficial effect on nerve regeneration still exists under diabetic mellitus. The present study was designed to investigate such a possibility. Diabetes in rats was developed by a single dose of strep...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.005
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The localization of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was studied in the untreated spinal cord of the frog using single or double immunohistochemical stainings. SP and CGRP appear to coexist in the primary afferent fibers and in the marginal and submarginal dorsal horn zones, as well as in th...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90462-9
更新日期:1987-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the altered molecular species of lipids in brain and liver tissues, and fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome (ZS). ZS cerebellum samples contained a higher amount of sphingomyelin with shorter chain fatty acids compared to that in normal controls. The amount of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.07.045
更新日期:2013-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen levels in rats are positively correlated with enhanced memory function and hippocampal dendritic spine density. There is much less work on the long-term effects of estradiol manipulation in preadolescent rats. The present work examined how injections of estradiol during postnatal days 19-22 (p19-22; preadoles...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.09.018
更新日期:2012-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::The study was performed to investigate the effects of bradykinin preconditioning on spinal cord ischemic injury using an in vivo transient spinal cord ischemia model in rats. Prior to ischemia, bradykinin was infused continuously via the left femoral artery starting 15min before ischemia. Neurological functions were e...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.010
更新日期:2008-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Agonist-induced turnover or release of inositolphosphates (IP) was studied in the dorsal and the ventral hippocampus 24 h, 1 month, and 3 months after the last electrical stimulus of kindled rats. A significant increase in acetylcholine (ACh)-stimulated IP turnover was observed in dorsal, but not ventral, hippocampus ...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3940(90)90248-8
更新日期:1990-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Phencyclidine (PCP) is known to be an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) uptake and to increase serotonergic activity. The development of tolerance to serotonergic stereotyped behaviors induced by repeated PCP treatment and changes of 5-HT transporters were examined. Backpedalling was significantly reduced in frequency fol...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00991-x
更新日期:2000-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of microglia is a central part of the chronic inflammatory process in Alzheimer disease (AD). The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that plays a role in microglial migration and accumulation at sites of beta-amyloid deposition in senile plaques in the AD brain. A polymorphism in the ...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.01.035
更新日期:2004-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence suggests a relation between vascular disorders and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed an association analysis of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genes, known to be involved in vascular disorders...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01467-1
更新日期:2000-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::The synucleins are a family of small proteins expressed in nervous tissue, which have been implicated in neurodegeneration. Using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis we screened for polymorphisms and mutations in the gene encoding human persyn, a recently discovered member of the synuclein family, in cont...
journal_title:Neuroscience letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00673-4
更新日期:1999-10-15 00:00:00