Abstract:
:In chronically implanted rats, we examined the respiratory EMG activity of the two parts of the diaphragm, costal and crural, during sleep and wakefulness. Their activity was compared and contrasted with that of the EMG activity of the cricothyroid muscle. Whether in wakefulness, while grooming and drinking, or in nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, and independent of the gas mixture breathed (4 to 5% CO2 or 10% O2 in nitrogen), the two parts of the diaphragm paused during REM apnea episodes whereas the cricothyroid muscle ceased its activity or exhibited sustained activity. We conclude that the diaphragm, mainly an inspiratory muscle, acts as a single functional unit when under the respiratory control system. The cricothyroid muscle functions as an inspiratory and/or expiratory muscle, also under the respiratory control systems. Both muscles in the rat come under other neural control mechanisms governing nonrespiratory functions, e.g., swallowing, defecation, and coughing, but not vomiting.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Pollard MJ,Megirian D,Sherrey JHdoi
10.1016/0014-4886(85)90051-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-10-01 00:00:00pages
187-93issue
1eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
0014-4886(85)90051-2journal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Biochemical, physiological, and anatomical studies over the past 30 years have firmly established glutamate (Glu) as the major neurotransmitter of those cortical neurons which give rise to corticofugal pathways. In the present study we utilized immunohistochemistry, with an antibody directed against Glu, in conjunctio...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
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更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
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更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1993.1018
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(84)90176-6
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
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更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
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更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
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更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::AMPAkines are positive modulators of AMPA receptors, and previous work has shown that these compounds can facilitate synaptic plasticity and improve learning and memory in both animals and humans; thus, their role in the treatment of cognitive impairment is worthy of investigation. In this study, we have utilized an o...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noninvasive, targeted drug delivery to the brain can be achieved using transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS), which transiently increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for localized delivery of therapeutics from the blood to the brain. Previously, we have demonstrated that FUS can deliver intraveno...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00