Abstract:
:A Gram-negative, filamentous, rod-shaped bacillus which failed to grow in cell-free media was isolated in apparently pure culture from the bronchial scraping and washing of a laboratory rat suffering from chronic respiratory disease by inoculating embryonated chicken eggs via the allantoic route. None of the embryos died during 20 serial passages at weekly intervals. The bacillus was reisolated in embryonated eggs from cesarean-derived barrier-maintained N:SD(SD) rats 8 and 12 weeks after intranasal inoculation with 10th-passage allantoic fluid. The inoculated rats were housed in Horsfall-type units and remained free from other known respiratory pathogens, including mycoplasmas and murine viruses, throughout the study. The bacillus colonized the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and caused a marked peribronchial infiltration and hyperplasia of mononuclear cells which progressed with time. The bacillus, ca. 0.2 micron wide by 4 to 6 micron long, stained very poorly with basic aniline dyes but was readily demonstrated with the Warthin-Starry silver technique. It was heat labile (56 degrees C for 30 min); spore forms were not observed. It withstood freeze-thawing and was successfully stored at -70 degrees C. Although no visible means of locomotion was observed with the electron microscope, a slow gliding motility, sometimes with bending and flexing of bacilli apparently adherent to the glass surface, was observed with phase microscopy. As an etiological agent of chronic respiratory disease of rats, this cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (tentatively designated the CAR bacillus) may be the first recognized gliding bacterium known to cause disease in a warm-blooded vertebrate.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Ganaway JR,Spencer TH,Moore TD,Allen AMdoi
10.1128/IAI.47.2.472-479.1985subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-02-01 00:00:00pages
472-9issue
2eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The extracellular adherence protein (Eap) is a multifunctional Staphylococcus aureus protein and broad-spectrum adhesin for several host matrix and plasma proteins. We investigated the interactions of full-length Eap and five recombinant tandem repeat domains with host proteins by use of surface plasmon resonance (BIA...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00480-08
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serologic parameters of kala-azar were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Sera from kala-azar patients with confirmed diagnoses were screened for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG subclass-specific reactivity against Leishmania donovani membrane antigen (LAg). Heterogeneous LAg-specific IgG reactivity with numerous prot...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.72.2.863-870.2004
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The absolute requirement for elemental iron and the porphyrin nucleus for growth of Haemophilus influenzae led us to investigate the role of iron and hemin in regulation of expression of the H. influenzae transferrin receptor. H. influenzae type b strain H1689 was grown in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.10.4033-4037.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transplacental infection of mouse fetuses with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis was produced by intraperitoneal injection of dams at various stages of gestation with 10(3) suckling mouse intracerebral median lethal doses of an attenuated strain (TC-83). Virus inoculation, at times ranging from 6 days prior to matin...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.6.3.339-343.1972
更新日期:1972-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Borrelia burgdorferi is a causative agent of Lyme disease, the most common arthropod-borne disease in the United States. B. burgdorferi evades host immune defenses to establish a persistent, disseminated infection. Previous work showed that P66-deficient B. burgdorferi (Δp66) is cleared quickly after inoculation in mi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00186-17
更新日期:2018-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria alter their cell surface in response to changing environments, including those encountered upon invasion of a host during infection. One alteration that occurs in several Gram-positive pathogens is the presentation of cell wall-anchored components of the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) system, which ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00397-15
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Otitis media developed in 67% of chinchillas inoculated intranasally with type 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus. Only 4% of chinchillas inoculated with influenza alone and 21% of chinchillas inoculated with S. pneumoniae alone developed otitis media. Among the chinchillas that developed otitis media af...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of sera from cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus S19 exhibit an elevated serologic response to Hsp62, the GroEL homolog (BaGroEL). Serologic screening of individual cows vaccinated with B. abortus S19 revealed no correlation between the immune response to BaGroEL and protection a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.10.4396-4400.1996
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the ultrastructural distribution and immunological accessibility of proteins II (P.IIs) on the surfaces of whole gonococci, anti-P.II gold probes were developed and used in electron microscopic studies of viable P.II-expressing variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090. Anti-P.II probes clearly marked the ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.4.1003-1006.1988
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the humoral immunological responses at the subclass level in shigellosis, specific antibody responses against Shigella dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), S. flexneri Y LPS, invasion plasmid-coded protein antigens (Ipa), and Shiga toxin were analyzed. Antibody responses of 41 patients with S. dysenteriae...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.5.2054-2061.1995
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meningococcal sodC encodes periplasmic copper- and zinc-cofactored superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) which catalyzes the conversion of the superoxide radical anion to hydrogen peroxide, preventing a sequence of reactions leading to production of toxic hydroxyl free radicals. From its periplasmic location, Cu,Zn SOD was...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.1.213-217.1998
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several trivalent cations, including lanthanum (La3+), inhibited the secretion (enterosorption) induced by the enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in the rabbit ileum in vivo. High concentrations (greater than 10 mM) of La3+ were required to inhibit cholera enterotoxin (CE)-induced enterosorption, pro...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.11.5.1038-1044.1975
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Once in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells, Shigella flexneri expresses a motile phenotype caused by polar directional assembly of actin. This process depends on accumulation of IcsA (VirG), a 120-kDa protein with ATPase activity, at the pole of the bacterium opposite to that at which ongoing septation occurs. IcsA is a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.2.511-517.1996
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Capsular glucuronoxylomannans (GXM) of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans isolates from patients with recurrent cryptococcal meningitis were analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and for reactivity with factor sera (Iatron, Tokyo, Japan). For each patient the initial and relapse isolates had prev...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.5.1899-1905.1995
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunogenicity of the two major group 19 pneumococcal polysaccharides, types 19F and 19A, was studied in human volunteers. Antibody responses after vaccination with either 50 micrograms of type 19F polysaccharide, 50 micrograms of type 19A polysaccharide, or 25 micrograms of both polysaccharides premixed in a sing...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.36.3.1261-1262.1982
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study demonstrated that polyclonal antibodies to Rickettsia conorii and monoclonal antibodies to outer membrane proteins A (OmpA) and B (OmpB) provided effective, Fc-dependent, passive immunity, even in severe combined immunodeficient mice with an established infection. In order to determine the mechanism of ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.6.3524-3530.2004
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heat-labile enterotoxins from Escherichia coli strains of porcine and human origin polymerize on heating to form high-molecular-weight aggregates, "procoligenoids," analogous to procholeragenoid derived from the cholera enterotoxin. This aggregation is accompanied by loss of biological activity (toxicity). Further hea...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.45.2.518-521.1984
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, may induce antibodies and T cells reactive with self antigens (autoimmunity). Because autoimmunity is generally thought to develop during the chronic phase of infection, one hypothesis is that autoimmunity develops only after long-term, low-level stimulat...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.69.9.5643-5649.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of Mycobacterium kansasii (nonsignificant), and one of Mycobacterium phlei were submitted to starvation. As a result they lost first their acid fastness and then all other staining affinities but, in this chromophobic state, they survived for at least 2 years and, after ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.9.5.843-850.1974
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was previously determined that the type II secretion system (T2SS) promotes the ability of Legionella pneumophila to grow in coculture with amoebae. Here, we discerned the stage of intracellular infection that is potentiated by comparing the wild-type and T2SS mutant legionellae for their capacity to parasitize Aca...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00374-19
更新日期:2019-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::YopE is a virulence factor that is secreted into host cells infected by Yersinia species. The YopE C-terminal domain has GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity. The YopE N-terminal domain contains an epitope that is an immunodominant CD8(+) T cell antigen during primary infection of C57BL/6 mice with Yersinia pseudo...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01687-14
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous study we showed that the involvement of EP4 subtype of the prostaglandin E (PGE) receptor is crucial for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced osteoclast formation in vitro. The present study was undertaken to test whether EP4 is actually associated with LPS-induced bone resorption in vivo. In wild-type (WT) ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.12.6819-6825.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella dermonecrotizing toxin (DNT) stimulates the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions by deamidating Gln63 of the small GTPase Rho. To clarify the functional and structural organization of DNT, we cloned and sequenced the DNT gene and examined the functions of various DNT mutants. Our analyses of ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.67.8.3727-3732.1999
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::L-phase variants and small colony (G-phase) variants derived from penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for penicillinase (beta lactamase) production. A refined variation of the modified Gots test for penicillinase was used to demonstrate penicillinase synthesis. Penicillinase synthesis was...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.2.5.644-654.1970
更新日期:1970-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was carried out to determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. NO production in spleen cell cultures was induced by heat-killed S. aureus. Expression of mRNA of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was induced in the spleens and kidneys of S. aureus-infected mi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.3.1017-1022.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dried and wet mouse fibroblast monolayers with labeled collagenous substrate were used to study the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on cellular prolyl hydroxylase activity. LTA is a scavenger of cations, and Fe2+ is essential for prolyl hydroxylase activity. Surprisingly, addition of LTA to dried monolayers resulte...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.50.3.745-752.1985
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structural gene of pneumolysin was randomly mutagenized. A screen, developed to identify mutants with reduced hemolytic activity, identified substitutions within the cysteine-containing region and also at residues toward the N terminus of the toxin. These are the first reported changes within the N-terminal region...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.2.757-758.1994
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to understand the mechanism of serum resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, in the present study we examined various interactions among the bacterial surface constituents, serum antibodies, and complement. Analysis of swine sera revealed the presence of anticapsular antibodies in convalescent-pha...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.9.3852-3860.1992
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotype b-specific polysaccharide antigen (SPA) was extracted from whole cells of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 by autoclaving and purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephacryl S-300. SPA induced the release of monocyte and leukocyte chemotactic factors by human monocytes. Polymyxin B had a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.7.2563-2570.1996
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mononuclear phagocytes provide the major habitat of intracellular bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. The capacity of B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (interleukin-6 [IL-6]) to activate tuberculostatic functions was investigated by using murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM phi). ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.58.1.269-271.1990
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00