Induction of heat shock and stress proteins in promastigotes of three Leishmania species.

abstract：:Two genes have a synthetically lethal relationship when the silencing or inhibiting of 1 gene is only lethal in the context of a mutation or activation of the second gene. This situation offers an attractive therapeutic strategy, as inhibition of such a gene will only trigger cell death in tumor cells with an activate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Molenaar JJ,Ebus ME,Geerts D,Koster J,Lamers F,Valentijn LJ,Westerhout EM,Versteeg R,Caron HN

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies may bind to bacterial pathogens or their toxins to control infections, and their effector activity is mediated through the recruitment of complement component C1q or the engagement with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). For bacterial pathogens that rely on a single toxin to cause disease, immunity correlates with toxi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen X,Shi M,Tong X,Kim HK,Wang LX,Schneewind O,Missiakas D

更新日期：2020-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic recombination provides an important mechanism for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Homologous pairing and strand exchange lead to the formation of DNA intermediates, in which sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are covalently linked by four-way Holliday junctions (HJs). Depending on the type of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shah Punatar R,Martin MJ,Wyatt HD,Chan YW,West SC

更新日期：2017-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have defined an essential role for the Dbf4-Cdc7 kinase complex in the initiation of DNA replication presumably by phosphorylation of target proteins, such as the minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) complex. We have examined the phosphorylation of the Mcm complex by the Dfp1-H...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee JK,Seo YS,Hurwitz J

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A single anterior-animal blastomere, which includes the presumptive neural region in the eight-cell embryo of the Halocynthia, a protochordate, when dissociated, cleavage-arrested with cytochalasin B, and cultured in isolation, differentiated exclusively to epidermal type judging from membrane excitability and immunor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okado H,Takahashi K

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When encountering unexpected event changes, memories of relevant past experiences must be updated to form new representations. Current models of memory updating propose that people must first generate memory-based predictions to detect and register that features of the environment have changed, then encode the new eve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stawarczyk D,Wahlheim CN,Etzel JA,Snyder AZ,Zacks JM

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A rapid and convenient method has been devised to determine the binding sites for proteins on RNA. The procedure is an adaptation of one used to map DNA-protein complexes by protection against nuclease digestion. The method uses the cytotoxic ribonuclease alpha-sarcin, which hydrolyzes purines in both single- and doub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huber PW,Wool IG

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle plasminogen activators (PAs), such as urokinase-like PA and, to a lesser extent, tissue PA, increase dramatically after denervation induced by axotomy. The PA/plasmin system has also been implicated in degradation of specific components of the muscle fiber basement membrane after local activation of plasminogen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hantaï D,Rao JS,Festoff BW

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated macrophages are described as classically activated or M1 type and alternatively activated or M2 type, depending on their response to proinflammatory stimuli and the expression of genetic markers including iNOS, arginase1, Ym1, and Fizz1. Here we report that Akt kinases differentially contribute to macrophage...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arranz A,Doxaki C,Vergadi E,Martinez de la Torre Y,Vaporidi K,Lagoudaki ED,Ieronymaki E,Androulidaki A,Venihaki M,Margioris AN,Stathopoulos EN,Tsichlis PN,Tsatsanis C

更新日期：2012-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:C6 astrocytoma cells contain beta-adrenergic receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase. A 2-hr exposure to l-isoproterenol results in an 80% decrease in cyclic AMP production in response to a subsequent challenge by l-isoproterenol (desensitization). This loss in responsiveness is paralleled by a 20-30% decrease in the a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mallorga P,Tallman JF,Henneberry RC,Hirata F,Strittmatter WT,Axelrod J

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many signaling and metabolic pathways rely on the ability of some of the proteins involved to undergo a substrate-induced transition between at least two structural states. Among the various models put forward to account for binding and activity curves of those allosteric proteins, the Monod, Wyman, and Changeux model...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fetler L,Kantrowitz ER,Vachette P

更新日期：2007-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The replisome, the multiprotein system responsible for genome duplication, is a highly dynamic complex displaying a large number of different enzyme activities. Recently, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae minimal replication reaction has been successfully reconstituted in vitro. This provided an opportunity to uncover the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis JS,Spenkelink LM,Schauer GD,Hill FR,Georgescu RE,O'Donnell ME,van Oijen AM

更新日期：2017-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In the northern hemisphere, there is compelling evidence for climate-related advances of spring events, but no such long-term biological time series exist for the southern hemisphere. We have studied a unique data set of dates of first arrival and laying of first eggs over a 55-year period for the entire community of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barbraud C,Weimerskirch H

更新日期：2006-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The Schiff base adducts of glyceraldehyde with hemoglobin undergo Amadori rearrangement to form stable ketoamine structures; this reaction is similar to the nonenzymic glucosylation of proteins. In the present studies the analogous rearrangement of the Schiff base adducts of glycolaldehyde with proteins has been demon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Acharya AS,Manning JM

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparison of about 50 pairs of homologous nucleotide sequences for different genes revealed that the substitutions between synonymous codons occurred at much higher rates than did amino acid substitutions. Furthermore, five pairs of mRNA sequences for different genes were compared in species that had diverged at the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miyata T,Yasunaga T,Nishida T

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several mouse models have already proved valuable for investigating hypertrophic responses to cardiac stress. Here, we characterize one caused by a well defined single copy transgene, RenTgMK, that genetically clamps plasma renin and thence angiotensin II at high levels. All of the transgenic males develop concentric ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caron KM,James LR,Kim HS,Knowles J,Uhlir R,Mao L,Hagaman JR,Cascio W,Rockman H,Smithies O

更新日期：2004-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of variations in the concentrations or structures of biomolecules (e.g., mRNAs, proteins, peptides, natural products) that occur either naturally or in response to environmental or genetic perturbations can provide important insight into complex biological processes. Many biological samples are mixtures that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yao S,Anex DS,Caldwell WB,Arnold DW,Smith KB,Schultz PG

更新日期：1999-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinach chloroplasts were found to contain three forms of cytochrome b(559) that have the same alpha-peak at 559 nm, but are distinguished from one another by their oxidation-reduction potentials. The high-potential (H) form (E(m) about 330-350 mV) is reducible by hydroquinone, the middle-potential (M) form (E(m) abou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wada K,Arnon DI

更新日期：1971-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike other cation channels, each subunit of most transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has an additional TRP-domain helix with an invariant tryptophan immediately trailing the gate-bearing S6. Recent cryo-electron microscopy of TRP vanilloid subfamily, member 1 structures revealed that this domain is a five-tu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Teng J,Loukin SH,Anishkin A,Kung C

更新日期：2015-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:This report provides direct evidence that strigolactone (SL) positively regulates drought and high salinity responses in Arabidopsis. Both SL-deficient and SL-response [more axillary growth (max)] mutants exhibited hypersensitivity to drought and salt stress, which was associated with shoot- rather than root-related t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ha CV,Leyva-González MA,Osakabe Y,Tran UT,Nishiyama R,Watanabe Y,Tanaka M,Seki M,Yamaguchi S,Dong NV,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Shinozaki K,Herrera-Estrella L,Tran LS

更新日期：2014-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytotoxic lymphocytes eliminate virus-infected and cancerous cells by immune recognition and killing through the perforin-granzyme pathway. Traditional killing assays measure average target cell lysis at fixed times and high effector:target ratios. Such assays obscure kinetic details that might reveal novel physiology...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Choi PJ,Mitchison TJ

更新日期：2013-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A major function of innate immune receptors is to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and then evoke immune responses appropriate to the nature of the invading pathogen(s). Because innate immune cells express various types of these receptors, distinct combinations of signaling pathways are activated in re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Negishi H,Matsuki K,Endo N,Sarashina H,Miki S,Matsuda A,Fukazawa K,Taguchi-Atarashi N,Ikushima H,Yanai H,Nishio J,Honda K,Fujioka Y,Ohba Y,Noda T,Taniguchi S,Nishida E,Zhang Y,Chi H,Flavell RA,Taniguchi T

更新日期：2013-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Poliovirus type 1 cDNA sequences coding for viral capsid polypeptide VP1 were inserted into the beta-lactamase sequence of Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. Resulting recombinant plasmid pSW119 expressed in Escherichia coli a VP1-beta-lactamase fusion protein that reacted with antibodies raised against poliovirus capsi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van der Werf S,Wychowski C,Bruneau P,Blondel B,Crainic R,Horodniceanu F,Girard M

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptide ligand selection by MHC class I molecules, which occurs by iterative optimization, is the centerpiece of immunodominance in antiviral and antitumor immune responses. For its understanding, the molecular mechanisms of peptide binding and dissociation by class I molecules must be elucidated. To this end, we have...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saini SK,Schuster H,Ramnarayan VR,Rammensee HG,Stevanović S,Springer S

更新日期：2015-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The state-to-state transfer of rotational and vibrational energy has been studied for S1 glyoxal (CHOCHO) in collisions with D2, N2, CO and C2H4 using crossed molecular beams. A laser is used to pump glyoxal seeded in He to its S1 zero point level with zero angular momentum about its top axis (K' = 0). The inelastic s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parmenter CS,Clegg SM,Krajnovich DJ,Lu S

更新日期：1997-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza is a lipid-enveloped, pleomorphic virus. We combine electron cryotomography and analysis of images of frozen-hydrated virions to determine the structural organization of filamentous influenza A virus. Influenza A/Udorn/72 virions are capsule-shaped or filamentous particles of highly uniform diameter. We show...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calder LJ,Wasilewski S,Berriman JA,Rosenthal PB

更新日期：2010-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Soon after the initiation of sporulation, Bacillus subtilis divides asymmetrically to produce sister cells that have very different developmental fates. Recently, it has been proposed that the differential gene expression which begins soon after this division is due to cell-specific activation of the transcription fac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis PJ,Partridge SR,Errington J

更新日期：1994-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:CD28 is a 44-kDa glycoprotein expressed as a homodimer on the surface of a major subset of human T cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that the binding of monoclonal antibodies to the CD28 surface antigen can augment the proliferation of purified human T cells stimulated with suboptimal doses of mitogens or anti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thompson CB,Lindsten T,Ledbetter JA,Kunkel SL,Young HA,Emerson SG,Leiden JM,June CH

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six groups of Munich-Wistar rats underwent micropuncture study 2-10 weeks and morphologic studies 11-13 months after induction of streptozotocin diabetes or after sham treatment. Diabetic rats received diets containing 6% (group D6), 12% (D12), or 50% protein (D50) and were maintained under similar conditions of moder...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zatz R,Meyer TW,Rennke HG,Brenner BM

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the complete mtDNA sequence of the centipede Lithobius forficatus and found that only one of the 22 inferred tRNA genes encodes a fully paired aminoacyl acceptor stem. The other 21 genes encode tRNAs with up to five mismatches in these stems, and some of these overlap extensively with the downstream gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lavrov DV,Brown WM,Boore JL

更新日期：2000-12-05 00:00:00