In vitro osteoclast generation from different bone marrow fractions, including a highly enriched haematopoietic stem cell population.

abstract：:Contact inhibition of locomotion was discovered by Abercrombie more than 50 years ago and describes the behaviour of fibroblast cells confronting each other in vitro, where they retract their protrusions and change direction on contact. Its failure was suggested to contribute to malignant invasion. However, the molecu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carmona-Fontaine C,Matthews HK,Kuriyama S,Moreno M,Dunn GA,Parsons M,Stern CD,Mayor R

更新日期：2008-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The Kondo effect--a many-body phenomenon in condensed-matter physics involving the interaction between a localized spin and free electrons--was discovered in metals containing small amounts of magnetic impurities, although it is now recognized to be of fundamental importance in a wide class of correlated electron syst...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sasaki S,De Franceschi S,Elzerman JM,van der Wiel WG,Eto M,Tarucha S,Kouwenhoven LP

更新日期：2000-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurement of the free calcium concentration within a photo-receptor outer segment has been considered an important aim since the proposal by Hagins and Yoshikami that the primary event in phototransduction is a release of Ca (2+) inside the cell. More recent evidence has cast doubt on the calcium hypothesis, and the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： McNaughton PA,Cervetto L,Nunn BJ

更新日期：1986-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Connectivity in the cortex is organized at multiple scales, suggesting that scale-dependent correlated activity is particularly important for understanding the behaviour of sensory cortices and their function in stimulus encoding. We analysed the scale-dependent structure of cortical interactions by using maximum entr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ohiorhenuan IE,Mechler F,Purpura KP,Schmid AM,Hu Q,Victor JD

更新日期：2010-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory neuroscience seeks to understand how the brain encodes natural environments. However, neural coding has largely been studied using simplified stimuli. In order to assess whether the brain's coding strategy depends on the stimulus ensemble, we apply a new information-theoretic method that allows unbiased calcul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sharpee TO,Sugihara H,Kurgansky AV,Rebrik SP,Stryker MP,Miller KD

更新日期：2006-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Landscapes modified by glacial erosion show a distinct distribution of surface area with elevation (hypsometry). In particular, the height of these regions is influenced by climatic gradients controlling the altitude where glacial and periglacial processes are the most active, and as a result, surface area is focused ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pedersen VK,Egholm DL

更新日期：2013-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA sequences containing the 5'-flanking regions of the insulin and chymotrypsin genes were linked to the coding sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. The insulin gene recombinant elicits preferential expression of CAT activity when introduced into cells producing insulin; similarly, the chymot...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Walker MD,Edlund T,Boulet AM,Rutter WJ

更新日期：1983-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Observations show that the seismic normal modes of the Earth at frequencies near 10 mHz are excited at a nearly constant level in the absence of large earthquakes. This background level of excitation has been called the 'hum' of the Earth, and is equivalent to the maximum excitation from a magnitude 5.75 earthquake. I...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Webb SC

更新日期：2007-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Government policies currently commit us to surface warming of three to four degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2100, which will lead to enhanced ice-sheet melt. Ice-sheet discharge was not explicitly included in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, so effects on climate from this melt are not cur...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Golledge NR,Keller ED,Gomez N,Naughten KA,Bernales J,Trusel LD,Edwards TL

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer somatic mutations can generate neoantigens that distinguish malignant from normal cells. However, the personalized identification and validation of neoantigens remains a major challenge. Here we discover neoantigens in human mantle-cell lymphomas by using an integrated genomic and proteomic strategy that interr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Khodadoust MS,Olsson N,Wagar LE,Haabeth OA,Chen B,Swaminathan K,Rawson K,Liu CL,Steiner D,Lund P,Rao S,Zhang L,Marceau C,Stehr H,Newman AM,Czerwinski DK,Carlton VE,Moorhead M,Faham M,Kohrt HE,Carette J,Green MR

更新日期：2017-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To artists, the face is a mirror of the soul. To biologists, the face reflects remarkable structural diversity--think of bulldogs and wolfhounds or galapagos finches. How do such variations in skeletal form arise? Do the same mechanisms control skeletogenesis elsewhere in the body? The answers lie in the molecular mac...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Helms JA,Schneider RA

更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The type III secretion (T3S) injectisome is a specialized protein nanomachine that is critical for the pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria, including purveyors of plague, typhoid fever, whooping cough, sexually transmitted infections and major nosocomial infections. This syringe-shaped 3.5-MDa macromolecular ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Worrall LJ,Hong C,Vuckovic M,Deng W,Bergeron JRC,Majewski DD,Huang RK,Spreter T,Finlay BB,Yu Z,Strynadka NCJ

更新日期：2016-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Proviruses of avian leukosis virus (ALV) are located in the vicinity of a putative cellular oncogene (c-myc) in ALV-induced bursal lymphomas. Enhanced expression of c-myc occurs in association with proviruses found in any of three configurations: (I) on the 5' side ('upstream') of c-myc in the same transcriptional ori...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Payne GS,Bishop JM,Varmus HE

更新日期：1982-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The computations performed by local neural populations, such as a cortical layer, are typically inferred from anatomical connectivity and observations of neural activity. Here we describe a method-influence mapping-that uses single-neuron perturbations to directly measure how cortical neurons reshape sensory represent...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chettih SN,Harvey CD

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proto-oncogene c-jun is the cellular homologue of v-jun, the transforming oncogene of the avian sarcoma virus 17 (ref. 1). c-jun encodes one major component of the AP-1 transcription factor complex and is expressed in many organs during mouse development and in the adult. Because of its rapid induction in cells fo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hilberg F,Aguzzi A,Howells N,Wagner EF

更新日期：1993-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants encounter a myriad of microorganisms, particularly at the root-soil interface, that can invade with detrimental or beneficial outcomes. Prevalent beneficial associations between plants and microorganisms include those that promote plant growth by facilitating the acquisition of limiting nutrients such as nitrog...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zipfel C,Oldroyd GE

更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex of freely moving rats provide a strikingly periodic representation of self-location which is indicative of very specific computational mechanisms. However, the existence of grid cells in humans and their distribution throughout the brain are unknown. Here we show that the preferred ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Doeller CF,Barry C,Burgess N

更新日期：2010-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge of the composition of the Earth's core is important for understanding its melting point and therefore the temperature at the inner-core boundary and the temperature profile of the core and mantle. In addition, the partitioning of light elements between solid and liquid, as the outer core freezes at the inner...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Alfe D,Gillan MJ,Price GD

更新日期：2000-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Theoretical and empirical research highlights the role of punishment in promoting collaborative efforts. However, both the emergence and the stability of costly punishment are problematic issues. It is not clear how punishers can invade a society of defectors by social learning or natural selection, or how second-orde...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sigmund K,De Silva H,Traulsen A,Hauert C

更新日期：2010-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:An Amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Segel M,Neumann B,Hill MFE,Weber IP,Viscomi C,Zhao C,Young A,Agley CC,Thompson AJ,Gonzalez GA,Sharma A,Holmqvist S,Rowitch DH,Franze K,Franklin RJM,Chalut KJ

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Felsenstein's application of the bootstrap method to evolutionary trees is one of the most cited scientific papers of all time. The bootstrap method, which is based on resampling and replications, is used extensively to assess the robustness of phylogenetic inferences. However, increasing numbers of sequences are now ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lemoine F,Domelevo Entfellner JB,Wilkinson E,Correia D,Dávila Felipe M,De Oliveira T,Gascuel O

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary biologist "studies the steps by which the miraculous adaptations so characteristic of every aspect of the organic world have evolved". But the general nature of such adaptive steps is still unclear. Evolution is often thought to be random and dependent on unpredictable events. In this light, one might...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gerrish P

更新日期：2001-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The paired helical filament (PHF) is the major component of the neurofibrillary deposits that form a defining neuropathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. PHFs are composed of microtubule-associated protein tau, in a hyperphosphorylated state. Hyperphosphorylation of tau results in its inability to bind to...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goedert M,Jakes R,Spillantini MG,Hasegawa M,Smith MJ,Crowther RA

更新日期：1996-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The nature and length scales of charge screening in complex oxides are fundamental to a wide range of systems, spanning ceramic voltage-dependent resistors (varistors), oxide tunnel junctions and charge ordering in mixed-valence compounds. There are wide variations in the degree of charge disproportionation, length sc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ohtomo A,Muller DA,Grazul JL,Hwang HY

更新日期：2002-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Co-evolution between plants and their natural enemies is generally believed to have generated much of the Earth's biological diversity. A process analogous to co-evolution occurs in agricultural systems, in which natural enemies adapt to crop resistance introduced by breeding or genetic engineering. Because of this si...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rausher MD

更新日期：2001-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Metformin is considered to be one of the most effective therapeutics for treating type 2 diabetes because it specifically reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis without increasing insulin secretion, inducing weight gain or posing a risk of hypoglycaemia. For over half a century, this agent has been prescribed to patients wit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Madiraju AK,Erion DM,Rahimi Y,Zhang XM,Braddock DT,Albright RA,Prigaro BJ,Wood JL,Bhanot S,MacDonald MJ,Jurczak MJ,Camporez JP,Lee HY,Cline GW,Samuel VT,Kibbey RG,Shulman GI

更新日期：2014-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the determinants of healthy mental ageing is a priority for society today. So far, we know that intelligence differences show high stability from childhood to old age and there are estimates of the genetic contribution to intelligence at different ages. However, attempts to discover whether genetic cause...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Deary IJ,Yang J,Davies G,Harris SE,Tenesa A,Liewald D,Luciano M,Lopez LM,Gow AJ,Corley J,Redmond P,Fox HC,Rowe SJ,Haggarty P,McNeill G,Goddard ME,Porteous DJ,Whalley LJ,Starr JM,Visscher PM

更新日期：2012-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is caused by a defined genetic abnormality that generates BCR-ABL, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. It is widely believed that BCR-ABL activates Akt signalling that suppresses the forkhead O transcription factors (FOXO), supporting the proliferation or inhibiting the apoptosis o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Naka K,Hoshii T,Muraguchi T,Tadokoro Y,Ooshio T,Kondo Y,Nakao S,Motoyama N,Hirao A

更新日期：2010-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the influence of electrical activity on neural development has been studied extensively, experiments have only recently focused on the role of activity in the development of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Using tetrodotoxin (TTX) to abolish sodium-mediated action potentials, studies on the visual...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kalil RE,Dubin MW,Scott G,Stark LA

更新日期：1986-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell signalling through Frizzled receptors has evolved to considerable complexity within the metazoans. The Frizzled-dependent signalling cascade comprises several branches, whose differential activation depends on specific Wnt ligands, Frizzled receptor isoforms and the cellular context. In Xenopus laevis embryos, th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Winklbauer R,Medina A,Swain RK,Steinbeisser H

更新日期：2001-10-25 00:00:00