Abstract:
:Medical school teachers must have an accurate idea of the doctor's clinical reasoning process (CRP) in order to provide students with learning experiences and evaluations that will ensure their acquisition of an effective and efficient CRP. It is difficult to derive this understanding from much that has been written on the subject. It is important to recognize that clinical problems are ill-structured and that the doctor's reasoning is built around a temporal unfolding of information. A model for the CRP is described along with a critique of other models that have been suggested. The results of research that examines components of the process must be seen in relation to the overall process.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Barrows HS,Feltovich PJdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00671.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-03-01 00:00:00pages
86-91issue
2eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract:CONTEXT:'Transfer' is the application of a previously learned concept to solve a new problem in another context. Transfer is essential for basic science education because, to be valuable, basic science knowledge must be transferred to clinical problem solving. Therefore, better understanding of interventions that enhan...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/medu.13519
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Remediation is usually offered to medical students and doctors in training who underperform on written or clinical examinations. However, there is uncertainty and conflicting evidence about the effectiveness of remediation. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the available evidence to clarify...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/medu.12052
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, on-line databases have become increasingly popular among health care professionals. As a group, these 'end-users' report utilizing databases to keep abreast of medical progress, to conduct research and to address specific patient care issues. Throughout the literature, medical professionals ('con...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00229.x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Grades are commonly used in formative workplace-based assessment (WBA) in medical education and training, but may draw attention away from feedback about the task. A dilemma arises because the self-regulatory focus of a trainee must include self-awareness relative to agreed standards, which implies grading. OB...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/medu.12659
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Medical schools in Western societies seek measures to increase the diversity of their student bodies with respect to ethnicity and social background. Currently, little is known about the effects of different selection procedures on student diversity. OBJECTIVES:This prospective cohort study aimed to determine ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12536
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In medical education, assessment of medical competence and performance, important changes have taken place in the last 5 decades. These changes have affected the basic concepts in all 3 domains. DEVELOPMENTS IN EDUCATION AND ASSESSMENT:In education constructivism has provided a completely new view on how st...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01851.x
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:All general practitioners (GPs) are expected to have an appraisal from 2002 and the first cohort will experience revalidation in 2005. Although there is a link between appraisal and revalidation, this has yet to be clarified. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of GPs towards reval...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01469.x
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb00962.x
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is national and international interest in increasing the community-based component of undergraduate medical education, but more research is needed on its potential, practicability and effectiveness. The objective of the study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of general practitioners teaching basic cli...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1997.00678.x
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We describe the use of standardised students (SSs) in interdisciplinary faculty development programmes to improve clinical teaching skills. Standardised students are actual health professions students who are trained to portray a prototypical teaching challenge consistently across many encounters with different...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01556.x
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although computer marking of MCQ papers is common practice and is popular because of its accuracy, speed and the fact that detailed statistical analysis can be carried out painlessly, there is still a major role for hand-scoring. A computer and computer time are not always immediately available and some form of data c...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01111.x
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Understanding how students resolve professional conflict is essential to teaching and evaluating professionalism. The purpose of this study was to refine an existing coding structure of rationalizations of student behaviour, and to further our understanding of students' reasoning strategies in the face of perce...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01326.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether postgraduate students are able to assess the quality of undergraduate medical examinations and to establish whether faculty can use their results to troubleshoot the curriculum in terms of its content and evaluation. SUBJECTS:First and second year family medicine postgraduate students. ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01403.x
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The study's first aim was to assess the emotional impact of cadaver dissection on first year medical students using the newly developed Appraisal of Life Events Scale (ALE). Its secondary aim was to evaluate the validity of the ALE by comparing it with the Impact of Events Scale (IOE). SETTING:Division of Biomedic...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01235.x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:In relation to pre-registration house officer (PRHO) rotations incorporating general practice, previous research has recommended that where possible, no PRHO should undertake general practice as the first placement, because of the difficulties encountered. It was recognized that logistically, this could make su...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00922.x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) standard-setting procedures are not well developed and are often time-consuming and complex. We report an evaluation of a simple 'contrasting groups' method, applied to an OSCE conducted simultaneously in three separate schools. SUBJECTS:Medical students unde...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.01041.x
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the context of a curriculum reform the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Leuven, Belgium, introduced a new teaching project: video-supported small-group learning on problem-solving and clinical reasoning. The aim of this study is to reflect 20 years experience. The video-supported sessions for sixth-year med...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00219.x
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development and maintenance of expertise in any domain requires extensive, sustained practice of the necessary skills. However, the quantity of time spent is not the only factor in achieving expertise; the quality of this time is at least as important. The development and maintenance of expertise requires extensiv...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00831.x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a teaching programme for final- (sixth-) year undergraduate medical students during their 10-week term in child health. Students attend schools on two occasions and are actively involved in the physical, educational and emotional assessment of children. The advantages of the programme include acti...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00402.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the relationship between perceived family support and coping efficacy in premedical (i.e. prior to entering medical school) students, an understudied subset of undergraduate students who are particularly at risk for academia- related stress. The relationships between students' perceive...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03091.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This instalment in the series on professional assessment provides an introduction to methods of setting standards. METHOD:A standard is a special score that serves as a boundary between those who perform well enough and those who do not. The practical steps in selecting it include: deciding on the type of st...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01495.x
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Medical students' personal and professional behaviours have been assessed poorly in medical schools. No research exists exploring the acceptability of 360-degree judgements as a method of assessing such behaviours. This study aims to explore students' and assessors' views and experiences of 360-degree judg...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02032.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative methods of evaluating the outcomes of medical education may not always deliver the information which course organizers and teachers most need in order to improve their courses. Qualitative methods of research could provide such information. However, the use of qualitative methods has been limited by the d...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb01575.x
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Avoidable breaches of patient confidentiality due to inadvertence or ignorance occur frequently. The aim of this study was to explore whether participants were able to identify violations of confidentiality and how serious these violations were. DESIGN:After a 2-hour theoretical education session, participa...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02097.x
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper compares the opportunities for flexible (part-time) specialist training in the UK and elsewhere in the EU in the overall context of the rising numbers of women doctors across Europe. Few other EU countries appear to provide the same opportunities for flexible training as the UK, despite high percentages of ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00236.x
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Adequate medical education has 3 interrelated aspects: theoretical knowledge, practical skills and the personal attitude of the doctor. The current emphasis on medical science diverts attention from the importance of the attitude aspect of medical education. We argue that the integration of palliative care into...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01635.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The accreditation of medical school programmes and the licensing and revalidation (or recertification) of doctors are thought to be important for ensuring the quality of health care. Whereas regulation of the medical profession is mandated in most jurisdictions around the world, the processes by which doctors b...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12286
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teaching preclinical medical students about doctor-patient communication gives them an opportunity to develop their interviewing skills prior to their having to elicit lists of symptoms in their clinical years. General practitioners should be among the more efficient interviewers in clinical medicine and therefore abl...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00259.x
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:There is a growing literature on diagnostic errors. The consensus of this literature is that most errors are cognitive and result from the application of one or more cognitive biases. Such biased reasoning is usually associated with 'System 1' (non-analytic, pattern recognition) thinking. METHODS:We review thi...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03507.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not education about the concept of uncertainty reduced variability in treatment decision-making. Three small groups of dentists in North York, Canada were asked to make restorative treatment decisions about simulated bitewing radiographs. They subsequently took...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00153.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00