Abstract：
:The immunoglobulin superfamily is a group of proteins, each made of one or several domains sharing key structural features with either the variable (V) or the constant (C) immunoglobulin domains. It includes such functionally important members as the immunoglobulins themselves, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II and T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules. Several members of this superfamily are expressed on lymphocytes where they are membrane-bound and capable of interactions with other members of the family, thus taking part in cell-cell recognition. In screening mouse cytolytic-T-cell-derived cDNA libraries, we came across cDNA clones defining a sequence, CTLA-4, which could encode a 223-amino-acid protein clearly belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It consists of one V-like domain flanked by two hydrophobic regions, one of which has a structure suggestive of membrane anchoring. CTLA-4 is mainly expressed in activated lymphocytes and is coinduced with T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in inducible models of this process. The mouse ctla-4 gene maps to band C of chromosome 1.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Brunet JF,Denizot F,Luciani MF,Roux-Dosseto M,Suzan M,Mattei MG,Golstein Pdoi
10.1038/328267a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-07-16 00:00:00pages
267-70issue
6127eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
328pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:High-harmonic generation is a well-known method of producing coherent extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) light, with photon energies up to about 0.5 keV (refs 1, 2). This is achieved by focusing a femtosecond laser into a gas, and high harmonics of the fundamental laser frequency are radiated in the forward direction. However,...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01222
更新日期：2003-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Macroscopic mechanical oscillators have been coaxed into a regime of quantum behaviour by direct refrigeration or a combination of refrigeration and laser-like cooling. This result supports the idea that mechanical oscillators may perform useful functions in the processing of quantum information with superconducting c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11915
更新日期：2013-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Indirect-benefit models of sexual selection assert that females gain heritable offspring advantages through a mating bias for males of superior genetic quality. This has generally been tested by associating a simple morphological quality indicator (for example, bird tail length) with offspring viability. However, sele...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02492
更新日期：2004-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The theory of electric polarization in crystals defines the dipole moment of an insulator in terms of a Berry phase (geometric phase) associated with its electronic ground state. This concept not only solves the long-standing puzzle of how to calculate dipole moments in crystals, but also explains topological band str...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature25777
更新日期：2018-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present-day climate, surface water salinities are low in the western tropical Pacific Ocean and increase towards the eastern part of the basin. The salinity of surface waters in the tropical Pacific Ocean is thought to be controlled by a combination of atmospheric convection, precipitation, evaporation and ocea...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02903
更新日期：2004-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Optical-frequency synthesizers, which generate frequency-stable light from a single microwave-frequency reference, are revolutionizing ultrafast science and metrology, but their size, power requirement and cost need to be reduced if they are to be more widely used. Integrated-photonics microchips can be used in high-c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0065-7
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bilingual individuals need effective mechanisms to prevent interference from one language while processing material in the other. Here we show, using event-related brain potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), that words from the non-target language are rejected at an early stage before semantic a...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/4151026a
更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:With the current shortage in fetal bovine serum, researchers are turning to a variety of options for cell and tissue culture. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/334547a0
更新日期：1988-08-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The gut microbiota influences development1-3 and homeostasis4-7 of the mammalian immune system, and is associated with human inflammatory8 and immune diseases9,10 as well as responses to immunotherapy11-14. Nevertheless, our understanding of how gut bacteria modulate the immune system remains limited, particularly in ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2971-8
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonrandom chromosome rearrangements, observed in a variety of human and animal tumours, are associated in some cases with enhanced expression or deregulation of cellular oncogenes. Recently, it was shown that normal, diploid rodent cells are neoplastically transformed following transfection with two cooperating oncoge...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/316636a0
更新日期：1985-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcriptional activator proteins (activators) function, at least in part, by increasing preinitiation complex assembly (for reviews see refs 1-4). Previous studies have shown that an acidic activator forms a contact with the general transcription factor TFIIB (refs 5-7) and recruits it into the preinitiation complex...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/371717a0
更新日期：1994-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a major health problem, affecting 5% of the world population. Genetic factors are important in NIDDM, but the mechanisms leading to glucose intolerance are unknown. Genetic linkage has been investigated in multigeneration families to localize, and ultimately identify,...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/356162a0
更新日期：1992-03-12 00:00:00
abstract：:During wild-type development, a protein product of the Caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic gene lin-14 is localized to nuclei of specific somatic cells in embryos and early larvae, but is absent in late larvae and adult soma. Gain-of-function lin-14 mutations cause the level of lin-14 protein to remain high throughou...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/338313a0
更新日期：1989-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Recognition of modified histone species by distinct structural domains within 'reader' proteins plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. Readers that simultaneously recognize histones with multiple marks allow transduction of complex chromatin modification patterns into specific biological outcomes....
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09542
更新日期：2010-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The factors driving glacial changes in ocean overturning circulation are not well understood. On the basis of a comparison of 20 climate variables over the past four glacial cycles, the SPECMAP project proposed that summer insolation at high northern latitudes (that is, Milankovitch forcing) drives the same sequence o...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07425
更新日期：2008-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Asteroids are primitive Solar System bodies that evolve both collisionally and through disruptions arising from rapid rotation. These processes can lead to the formation of binary asteroids and to the release of dust, both directly and, in some cases, through uncovering frozen volatiles. In a subset of the asteroids c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature23892
更新日期：2017-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:We have shown previously that chemically skinned fibre bundles from scallop muscle can be desensitized to the action of calcium by the removal of the regulatory light chains of myosin and that sensitivity can be restored by the re-addition of scallop light chains. We have now confirmed these results and extended our o...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/286626a0
更新日期：1980-08-07 00:00:00
abstract：:In yeast and somatic cells, mechanisms ensure cell-cycle events are initiated only when preceding events have been completed. In contrast, interruption of specific cell-cycle processes in early embryonic cells of many organisms does not affect the timing of subsequent events, indicating that cell-cycle events are trig...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/43927
更新日期：1999-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of papillomaviruses in epithelial-derived cancers from several animal species has led to the speculation that these viruses may also have a pathogenic role in the development of certain human carcinomas, particularly those associated with the anogenital tract. Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/300771a0
更新日期：1982-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is selected in the thymus after rearrangement of genes encoding TCR alpha and beta chains. Selection is based on the recognition by newly emergent T cells of self-ligands associated with molecules of the major histocompatibility complex: some combinations result in positive selecti...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/349531a0
更新日期：1991-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin is the primary hormone involved in glucose homeostasis, and impairment of insulin action and/or secretion has a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Type-II SH2-domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase, or 'SHIP2', is a member of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase family. In vitro stud...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35051094
更新日期：2001-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:A congressional investigation alleges that some researchers have failed to report all the drug-company money that they have received--and that universities may have been too slow to police them. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1038/455835a
更新日期：2008-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Although freeze-fracture electron microscopy is normally analysed with the presumption that particles represent proteins embedded within the membrane, particles which appeared to represent inverted lipid micelles within membranes have been reported. I have now confirmed the occurrence of particles in protein-free lipo...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/287166a0
更新日期：1980-09-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) belongs to the most dangerous class of bioweapons. Despite this, BoNT/A is used to treat a wide range of common medical conditions such as migraines and a variety of ocular motility and movement disorders. BoNT/A is probably best known for its use as an antiwrinkle agent in cosmetic app...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12732
更新日期：2014-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Sensory neuroscience seeks to understand how the brain encodes natural environments. However, neural coding has largely been studied using simplified stimuli. In order to assess whether the brain's coding strategy depends on the stimulus ensemble, we apply a new information-theoretic method that allows unbiased calcul...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04519
更新日期：2006-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have suggested that bone marrow cells possess a broad differentiation potential, being able to form new liver cells, cardiomyocytes and neurons. Several groups have attributed this apparent plasticity to 'transdifferentiation'. Others, however, have suggested that cell fusion could explain these results...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02069
更新日期：2003-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Only 17% of 111 reef-building coral genera and none of the 18 coral families with reef-builders are considered endemic to the Atlantic, whereas the corresponding percentages for the Indo-west Pacific are 76% and 39%. These figures depend on the assumption that genera and families spanning the two provinces belong to t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02339
更新日期：2004-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase was identified as a protein encoded by a transforming gene from primary human myeloid leukaemia cells by DNA-mediated transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Axl is the founding member of a family of related receptors that includes Eyk, encoded by a chicken proto-oncogene originally described...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/373623a0
更新日期：1995-02-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The classical strength profile of continents is derived from a quasi-static view of their rheological response to stress--one that does not consider dynamic interactions between brittle and ductile layers. Such interactions result in complexities of failure in the brittle-ductile transition and the need to couple ener...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04868
更新日期：2006-07-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of a plume of water vapour and ice particles emerging from warm fractures ('tiger stripes') in Saturn's small, icy moon Enceladus raised the question of whether the plume emerges from a subsurface liquid source or from the decomposition of ice. Previous compositional analyses of particles injected by the...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10175
更新日期：2011-06-22 00:00:00
