Abstract:
:It has recently been reported that phenol red, a pH indicator present in most tissue culture media, is a weak estrogen that can stimulate some estrogen-sensitive cells. However, the relative impact of phenol red on various cell lines is controversial. We examined the effect of phenol red on several estrogen-responsive cell systems that we use to study estrogen action. These included estrogenic stimulation of progesterone receptor and growth in human breast cancer-derived MCF-7 cells, stimulation of growth in human breast cancer-derived T47D cells, stimulation of prolactin synthesis in primary cultures of immature rat pituitary cells, and stimulation of progesterone receptor in primary cultures of immature rat uterine cells. Estrogenic responses in MCF-7 cells were the most sensitive to the presence of phenol red, while the other three cell cultures showed lesser effects of the indicator. In addition to intrinsic differences in cell responses, there were several other factors involved. These included differences in the estrogenic activity of phenol red-containing media and phenol red itself from different commercial suppliers, and differences in the concentration of free phenol red in final media due to binding of the indicator by serum. Higher concentrations of serum reduced the impact of phenol red on estrogenic responses in primary pituitary cells. Phenol red added to rat uterine cytosol competed with estradiol for binding to the estrogen receptor (relative binding affinity (RBA) approx. 0.001), and the acidic and basic forms of the indicator showed similar activity. Some commercial phenol red samples inhibited cell growth at levels of 100 mg/l; these effects were toxic rather than antiestrogenic, because growth inhibition could not be competitively reversed by an excess of estradiol. The amount of the indicator bound to serum in the final media, the source of the phenol red and the sensitivity of different cell types to the indicator ultimately determine its influence to the response of cells in tissue culture.
journal_name
Mol Cell Endocrinoljournal_title
Molecular and cellular endocrinologyauthors
Welshons WV,Wolf MF,Murphy CS,Jordan VCdoi
10.1016/0303-7207(88)90072-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-06-01 00:00:00pages
169-78issue
3eissn
0303-7207issn
1872-8057pii
0303-7207(88)90072-Xjournal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) are mainly expressed in the brain. We previously showed that the anti-inflammatory action of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in rat hypothalamus and in cultured astrocytes involved MC4R activation. However, MC4R mechanisms of action remain undetermined. Since brain-derived neur...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.036
更新日期:2012-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence is accumulating that environmental chemicals (ECs) including endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can alter female reproductive development, fertility and onset of menopause. While not as clearly defined as in the male, this set of abnormalities may constitute an Ovarian Dysgenesis Syndrome with at least som...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.021
更新日期:2012-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation appears to be an essential component in the regulation of many cellular processes by hormones and drugs. This concept has developed primarily from in vitro biochemical studies in which various purified proteins have been phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by distinct protein ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(80)90026-x
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::South African Angora goats are susceptible to cold stress, due to their inability to produce sufficient levels of cortisol. During adrenal steroidogenesis the production of cortisol relies on the activity of two key enzymes, namely cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Cytochrome ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.026
更新日期:2010-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The requirement for caspases (ICE-like proteases) were investigated in mediating apoptosis of WEHI7.2 mouse lymphoma cells in response to two death inducers with different mechanisms of action, the glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone (DX) and the calcium-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (TG). Apoptosis induction by thes...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00051-3
更新日期:1998-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Presently, a growing interest is focused on the origins of the "Metabolic Syndrome", a cluster of several metabolic disorders linking obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clearly, genetic predisposition and deleterious lifestyle, including low physical activity and hypercaloric alimentatio...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.026
更新日期:2009-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent pollutant worldwide and even found in human cord blood and breast milk. Some animal studies have reported that PFOA causes developmental toxicity such as fetal weight loss, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study focused on developmental toxicity of PFOA, particular...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.01.009
更新日期:2011-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::The ovulatory process is characterized by tissue wounding and, after oocyte expulsion, by healing being connected to the formation of a corpus luteum (CL). The ovulatory event thus compares with a sterile inflammation. The concept is forwarded that the ovulatory process depends on innate immunity (INIM) function. The ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.008
更新日期:2011-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose uptake by brown adipose tissue, measured following deoxyglucose injection in vivo, was increased by 6- and 11-fold following 2 and 14 days of cold exposure, respectively. To look for the possible mechanism of these modifications, the glucose transporter Glut 4 has been characterized at the protein and mRNA lev...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(92)90205-k
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm of the parafollicular thyroid C cells. Although somatostatin receptors are expressed by MTCs, treatment with octreotide has shown poor efficacy, whereas recently pasireotide has demonstrated antiproliferative effects in persistent postoperative MTCs. ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.111092
更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and is known to affect a variety of biochemical processes in human breast cancer cells. In the present study we have employed MCF-7 cells to investigate the effects of TPA on inositol lipid signalling, the puta...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(92)90260-d
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously demonstrated the interactions of different chemical compounds with estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta and the androgen receptor (AR) using different reporter cell lines. In this study, we characterize the ERalpha, ERbeta and AR activity of different biphenyls using the same tools. We provide evidence ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00094-1
更新日期:2002-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Pituitary cultures from adult rats contain two subtypes of prolactin (PRL) cells, small-plaque (SP) and large-plaque (LP) lactotropes, which exhibit distinct rates of basal secretion and thereby form PRL plaques of different sizes in reverse hemolytic plaque assay experiments. In the present study, we have used plaque...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(93)90007-7
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the retina, peptidergic signalling participates in multiple circuits of visual information processing. The neuropeptide somatostatin (SRIF) is localised to amacrine cells and, in some instances, in a subset of ganglion cells. The variegated expression patterns of SRIF receptors (sst(1)-sst(5)) and the variety of si...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2007.12.009
更新日期:2008-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::At 14 days of age, hypothyroid and normal rats are rendered hypoglycaemic by insulin injection and the subsequent induction in adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is studied. Hypothyroidism impairs both the intensity and the time-course of adrenal TH induction. ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(84)90149-7
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D) is well-recognized as a neurosteroid that modulates multiple brain functions. A growing body of evidence indicates that vitamin D plays a pivotal role in brain development, neurotransmission, neuroprotection and immunomodulation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D exer...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.035
更新日期:2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The number of pituitary cells, their size, hormonal content and release and response to external cues varies between day and night and during the estrus cycle. Previous studies have demonstrated that pituitary cells proliferate rhythmically and that estradiol (E(2)) is a mitogen of alpha T3 cells. We, therefore, studi...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(03)00119-9
更新日期:2003-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::In the haematophagous insect, Rhodnius prolixus, a rapid diuresis following engorgement of vertebrate blood is under the control of two main diuretic hormones: a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptide andserotonin (5HT). A CAP2b (CAPA)-related peptide is involved in the termination of this diuresis, and ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.11.004
更新日期:2010-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Endometriosis, one of the most common benign gynecological diseases, affects millions of women of childbearing age. Endometriosis-associated pain is a major cause of disability and compromised quality of life in women. Neuropathic mechanisms are believed to play an important role. An imbalanced sympathetic and sensory...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.012
更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Here we report the identification and characterization of ghrelin (GRLN) receptors in goldfish Carassius auratus. We identified four distinct mRNAs generated from four different genes. Those were roughly divided into two types, based on the number of amino acids and amino acid sequence similarity; one composed of 360-...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.06.004
更新日期:2010-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::We have established granulosa cell lines which express constitutively the rat FSH receptors by cotransfection of primary granulosa cells obtained from preovulatory follicles with SV40 DNA, Ha-ras oncogene and a plasmid expressing FSH receptors. These cells respond specifically to ovine and human FSH by cell rounding, ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(96)03774-4
更新日期:1996-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Sox genes participate in several developmental processes, including sex determination and differentiation. In this study, the genomic structure of sox17 was characterized in the sea bass (sb). Two transcripts, one producing a normal protein (sb Sox17) and another producing a truncated protein (sb t-Sox17) were detecte...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.013
更新日期:2009-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of tamoxifen (Tam) and its 4-hydroxylated metabolite (OH-Tam) on the growth of two human breast cancer cell lines ( MCF7 and BT20 ) were evaluated by fluorometric DNA assay. The effects of the antiestrogens were dependent upon their concentrations and the nature of the cells. At concentrations below 4 micr...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(84)90004-2
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several common KCNQ1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy. This effect is explained by the role of the kcnq1 protein as a potassium channel that in the pancreatic beta-cells drives an electrical signal that facilitates glucose-stimulated insulin secre...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.007
更新日期:2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work was to determine whether treatments of rats with estradiol (E) in conditions known to decrease the proliferation rate, the mitotic index and the thymidine incorporation into the DNA of the MtTF4 tumor act at a specific point in the cell cycle. Two weeks after grafting a piece of tumor under the ki...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(86)90046-8
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been well established for decades that androgens, namely testosterone (T) plays an important role in female reproductive physiology as the precursor for oestradiol (E2). However, in the last decade a direct role for androgens, acting via the androgen receptor (AR), in female reproductive function has been confi...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.026
更新日期:2018-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of glucocorticoids on expression of the beta1-adrenergic receptor (beta1AR) gene have been varied. To study the mechanism underling hormonal regulation of the beta1AR, transient transfection of progressively deleted ovine beta1AR promoter fragments was used to identify a 43-bp region (-1274 to -1232 from t...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00490-7
更新日期:2001-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::The conversion of androgens to estrogens is catalyzed by a complex of enzymes that includes a specific cytochrome P-450 aromatase (P-450arom). In this paper we describe the high level expression of aromatase activity in the rat Leydig cell tumor line, R2C. We also report the isolation of cDNA clones encoding the rat a...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(90)90056-e
更新日期:1990-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on rat pineal metabolism were examined in vitro. PGE2 (0.01-1 microM) increased the activity of serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), the stimulation curve exhibiting a maximum at 0.1 microM. PGE1 increased SNAT activity only at the highest dose (1 microM) whereas PGF2 alpha, 15-ket...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(81)90066-6
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of the two cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKa I and PKa II) was evaluated in dog thyroid cells in primary cultures after a 6-day growth period induced by either thyrotropin (TSH) or epidermal growth factor (EGF). Although the total PKa activity was not affected in cells cultured in the presence of TSH or...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0303-7207(89)90188-3
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00