The detection of SRAS-CoV-2 in outpatient clinics and public facilities during the COVID19 pandemic.

Abstract:

:The transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can occur through airborne route, in addition to contaminated surfaces and objects. In hospitals, it has been confirmed by several studies that SRAS-CoV-2 can contaminate surfaces and medical equipment especially in hospitals dedicated for COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to detect the contamination of hands, objects and surfaces in isolation rooms and also in outpatients' clinics in hospitals and polyclinics. Environmental contamination of public high-touch surfaces in public facilities was also investigated during an active COVID-19 pandemic. Swabs were also taken from high-touch surfaces in outpatients' facilities. Random swabs were also taken from public shops, pharmacies, bakeries, groceries, banknotes and automated teller machines (ATM). Samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 positivity using real time PCR. In COVID-19 regional reference hospital, only 3 out of 20 samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Hand swabs from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in isolation rooms were occasionally positive for viral RNA. In outpatients' clinics, door handles were the most contaminated surfaces. Dental chairs, sinks, keyboards, ophthalmoscopes and laboratory equipment were also contaminated. While no positive swabs were found in shops and public facilities, random ATM swabs returned a positive result for SARS-CoV-2. While focus has been withdrawn towards COVID-19 wards and isolation hospitals, more attention is required to decontaminate frequently touched surfaces in healthcare facilities used by patients not diagnosed with COVID-19. Additionally, high touch public surfaces such as ATMs requires further disinfection procedures to limit the transmission of the infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

journal_name

J Med Virol

authors

Elbadawy HM,Khattab A,Alalawi A,Aljohani F,Sundogji H,Mahmoud AS,Abouzied M,Eltahir HM,Alahmadey Z,Bahashwan S,Suliman BA

doi

10.1002/jmv.26819

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-01-26 00:00:00

eissn

0146-6615

issn

1096-9071

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Influence of amino-acid polymorphism in the core protein on progression of liver disease in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b.

    abstract::The substitution of amino acid (aa) 70 of arginine for glutamine and/or that of aa91 of leucine for methionine in the core protein in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b is associated with a poor response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Factors influencing these substitutions were sought ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.21629

    authors: Kobayashi M,Akuta N,Suzuki F,Hosaka T,Sezaki H,Kobayashi M,Suzuki Y,Arase Y,Ikeda K,Watahiki S,Mineta R,Iwasaki S,Miyakawa Y,Kumada H

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Hepatitis B virus clearance from serum and liver after acute hepatitis delta virus superinfection in chronic HBsAg carriers.

    abstract::Clinical, virological, and histological findings in four HBsAg chronic carriers who cleared HBV markers from both serum and liver following HDV superinfection are described. The patients were long-term HBsAg carriers and all were HBV-DNA/HBeAg positive. Liver biopsy, obtained from three of the patients between 5 and 1...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.1890310408

    authors: Pastore G,Monno L,Santantonio T,Angarano G,Milella M,Giannelli A,Fiore JR

    更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00

  • Hepatitis B infection of the liver in chronic hepatitis C without detectable hepatitis B virus DNA in serum.

    abstract::Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA may persist in the liver in the absence of serum HBV-DNA after a self-limited acute hepatitis B. This may also occur in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but its prevalence and its impact on liver histology is unknown. HBV-DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction (P...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.20073

    authors: Mariscal LF,Rodríguez-Iñigo E,Bartolomé J,Castillo I,Ortiz-Movilla N,Navacerrada C,Pardo M,Pérez-Mota A,Graus J,Carreño V

    更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00

  • Emergence of G3 and G9 rotavirus and increased incidence of mixed infections in the southern region of Ireland 2001-2004.

    abstract::Two hundred and thirty fecal specimens were collected from children (up to 5 years of age) admitted with suspected rotaviral gastroenteritis at four Irish hospitals (Cork University Hospital, Mercy Hospital, Cork, Waterford Regional Hospital, and Kerry General Hospital) in the southern region of Ireland, between 2001 ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.20494

    authors: Reidy N,O'Halloran F,Fanning S,Cryan B,O'Shea H

    更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00

  • Seroprevalence rates of HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, MWPyV and KIPyV polyomaviruses among the healthy blood donors.

    abstract::Human polyomaviruses HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, MWPyV, and KIPyV have been discovered between 2007 and 2012. TSPyV causes a rare skin disease trichodysplasia spinulosa in immunocompromised patients, the role of remaining polyomaviruses in human pathology is not clear. In this study, we assessed the occurrence of seru...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.24440

    authors: Šroller V,Hamšíková E,Ludvíková V,Musil J,Němečková Š,Saláková M

    更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00

  • Serological and molecular prevalence of hepatitis E virus among blood donors from Uruguay.

    abstract::Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is considered a neglected disease of major concern in developed countries. Clinically, HEV occurs as an acute and self-limited disease, though chronic cases mostly associated to HEV-3 are now being commonly reported in immunocompromised individuals and solid organ transplant recipient...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.26231

    authors: Bangueses F,Abin-Carriquiry JA,Cancela F,Curbelo J,Mirazo S

    更新日期:2020-06-27 00:00:00

  • Hepatitis C virus genotype 3 predominates in North and Central India and is associated with significant histopathologic liver disease.

    abstract::Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes help to tailor the treatment response, but their influence on the disease severity and association with hepatic steatosis is not well understood. The prevalence of HCV genotypes and their correlation with the histopathological severity of liver disease and steatosis in Indian patients...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.20561

    authors: Hissar SS,Goyal A,Kumar M,Pandey C,Suneetha PV,Sood A,Midha V,Sakhuja P,Malhotra V,Sarin SK

    更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00

  • Recent trends in hepatitis A incidence in Brazil.

    abstract::Hepatitis A incidence has been decreasing in Brazil since child vaccination was implemented in 2014. This trend was interrupted by an outbreak among adult male in São Paulo in 2017. This study was outlined to estimate whether the increase of hepatitis A cases among adult men in Brazil was restricted to São Paulo. Case...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.25694

    authors: De Oliveira TM,Vieira NSG,Sepp TDS,Souto FJD

    更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of sapovirus infection among infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in Dhaka City, Bangladesh during 2004-2005.

    abstract::Sapovirus, a member of the family Caliciviridae is one of the major causative agents of viral gastroenteritis affecting all age group. Sapovirus was detected in 25 of 917 stool specimens from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in a Children Hospital in Dhaka City, Bangladesh during 2004-2005. All fecal sp...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.20859

    authors: Dey SK,Phan TG,Nguyen TA,Nishio O,Salim AF,Yagyu F,Okitsu S,Ushijima H

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Estimating the seroprevalence of chikungunya virus exposure in Shimoga district, Karnataka state: A hospital-based study during 2014-2018.

    abstract::Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The disease is characterized by fever, headache, rash, severe joint, and muscle pain. To evaluate the disease burden in the population and the effectiveness of public health measures, periodic seroprevalence surveys are esse...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.25581

    authors: Shilpa C,Kavitha K,Sudheesh N,Sabeena S,Prasad V,Hindol M,Arunkumar G

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Human cytomegalovirus as a direct pathogen: correlation of multiorgan involvement and cell distribution with clinical and pathological findings in a case of congenital inclusion disease.

    abstract::The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the Herpesviridae, is the most frequent cause of congenital virus infections and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Due to the lack of an appropriate animal model, insight into the pathogenesis of HCMV infections originates primarily fr...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.2208

    authors: Bissinger AL,Sinzger C,Kaiserling E,Jahn G

    更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00

  • Hepatitis A antibodies in attenders of London Travel Clinics: cost-benefit of screening prior to hepatitis A immunisation.

    abstract::The seroprevalence of hepatitis A antibodies in travellers attending London Travel Clinics increases with age and screening may eliminate the need for vaccination at present for approximately 40% of adults. The duration of protection by current hepatitis A vaccine(s) is still to be established. ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.1890440414

    authors: Zuckerman JN,Powell L

    更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00

  • Interleukin-28B polymorphisms and interferon gamma inducible protein-10 serum levels in seronegative occult hepatitis C virus infection.

    abstract::Polymorphisms upstream interleukin (IL)-28B gene and serum levels of interferon gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) are associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. Patients with seronegative occult HCV infection are anti-HCV and serum HCV-RNA negative but have viral RNA in liver...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.24322

    authors: Bartolomé J,Castillo I,Quiroga JA,Carreño V

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • The impact of viral dynamics on the clinical severity of infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

    abstract::The impact of dynamic respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) load on the clinical severity of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis has not been clarified. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 60 infants who were diagnosed with bronchiolitis within 96 hr of wheezing onset upon admission and on days 3, 5, and 7 in ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.24111

    authors: Zhou L,Xiao Q,Zhao Y,Huang A,Ren L,Liu E

    更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00

  • Human herpesvirus-8 infection in pregnancy and labor: lack of evidence of vertical transmission.

    abstract::To investigate whether vertical transmission of the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) may occur during pregnancy or at delivery, we enrolled 295 women recruited attending the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a University Teaching of Rome Tor Vergata, S. Eugenio Hospital. The study population was divided in two group...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.20012

    authors: Sarmati L,Carlo T,Rossella S,Montano M,Adalgisa P,Rezza G,Andreoni M

    更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00

  • Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C and B virus infections in hemodialysis patients and their spouses: a multicenter study in Beijing, China.

    abstract::Hemodialysis patients are at risk for hepatitis C and B virus infections. This study investigated the prevalences and risk factors of HCV and HBV infection and the distribution of HCV genotypes among hemodialysis patients and their spouses. From August to November 2011, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 hemo...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1002/jmv.23486

    authors: Su Y,Yan R,Duan Z,Norris JL,Wang L,Jiang Y,Xing W,Chen Y,Xiao Y,Li L,Tao J,Wang N

    更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00

  • Human parechovirus infections in patients admitted to hospital in Northern Italy, 2008-2010.

    abstract::Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) infection is associated with a wide range of clinical syndromes such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurologic diseases, and neonatal sepsis-like illness. The main objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of HPeVs infection in hospitalized patients in a period of 2 ye...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.23197

    authors: Piralla A,Furione M,Rovida F,Marchi A,Stronati M,Gerna G,Baldanti F

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Efficacy of PCR and other diagnostic methods for the detection of respiratory adenoviral infections.

    abstract::Five methods were evaluated for the detection of adenovirus directly from nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA), including conventional and rapid virus culture, two antigen detection tests, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). NPA specimens were obtained from 269 military conscripts suffering from an acute respiratory in...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Räty R,Kleemola M,Melén K,Stenvik M,Julkunen I

    更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00

  • Receptor for pre-S1(21-47) component of hepatitis B virus on the liver cell: role in virus cell interaction.

    abstract::Attachment of hepatitis B virus to a hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) was examined using a synthetic peptide corresponding to the pre-S1 (21-47) region of the envelope protein. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class binding site of Kd 104 +/- 27 nM/l and 5.4 +/- 1.2 x 10(5) sites per cell. Competition of HBV with ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.1890370208

    authors: Dash S,Rao KV,Panda SK

    更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00

  • Homotypic immune response to primary infection with rotavirus serotype G1.

    abstract::Some aspects of rotavirus humoral immunity were assessed on the basis of distinguishing serotype-specific specificities (VP4/VP7) by using rotavirus reassortants, human and animal strains in neutralization assays in serum samples obtained during the acute phase, and 1, 6 and 12 months after primary natural infection. ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.1890470418

    authors: Rojas AM,Boher Y,Guntiñas MJ,Pérez-Schael I

    更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00

  • Natural and artificial immunity to varicella zoster virus.

    abstract::The live varicella vaccine has been recommended for use in immunocompromised subjects and in adults who are susceptible to chickenpox. However, we do not know how humoral and cell-mediated immune responses induced after vaccination differed from those obtained after natural infection. To answer this, 45 previously inf...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.1890250207

    authors: Ndumbe PM,Cradock-Watson J,Levinsky RJ

    更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00

  • Response to antiviral treatment in patients infected with hepatitis B virus genotypes E-H.

    abstract::No data on antiviral response of HBV genotypes E-H are available so far although these HBV genotypes contribute significantly to the global HBV burden. Of 49 patients with HBV genotypes E-H, 23 received interferon (IFN)-alpha, 12 nucleos(t)ide analogues and 14 patients were untreated. HBV genotype was determined by di...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.21588

    authors: Erhardt A,Göbel T,Ludwig A,Lau GK,Marcellin P,van Bömmel F,Heinzel-Pleines U,Adams O,Häussinger D

    更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00

  • Investigation of measles and rubella outbreaks in Tamil Nadu, India-2003.

    abstract::The aims of the present study were to confirm measles outbreaks by detection of measles-specific IgM antibodies, isolation of measles virus, and genetic characterization to document the circulating genotypes in Tamil Nadu. Eight outbreaks were reported from six districts of Tamil Nadu, India during the period Jan-Dec ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.20569

    authors: Ramamurty N,Raja D,Gunasekaran P,Varalakshmi E,Mohana S,Jin L

    更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00

  • Flow cytometric analysis of cytomegalovirus-specific cell-mediated immunity in the congenital infection.

    abstract::Flow cytometric analysis of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells specific to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was undertaken in seven patients with congenital CMV infection, six healthy infants who had acquired infection, and six CMV-seropositive adults. Intracellular cytokine assays showed that 0.03-2.23% of CD4(+) T cells in the he...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.10477

    authors: Hayashi N,Kimura H,Morishima T,Tanaka N,Tsurumi T,Kuzushima K

    更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00

  • TT virus: preferential distribution in CD19(+) peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lack of viral integration.

    abstract::In order to determine whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) contain proviral DNA or double-stranded replicative forms of TT virus (TTV) and to define which cell subset harbors TTV, we analyzed 126 PBMC DNA samples by PCR, using the NG059/NG061/NG063 and the T801/T935 primer sets. TTV sequences were detecte...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.2142

    authors: Yu Q,Shiramizu B,Nerurkar VR,Hu N,Shikuma CM,Melish ME,Cascio K,Imrie A,Lu Y,Yanagihara R

    更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00

  • The possible role of CCR5Δ32 mutation in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever infection.

    abstract::Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever infection (CCHF) is a viral zoonosis. The pathogenesis of this disease has not been established so far, however, cytokines account for its progression and outcome. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene Δ32 mutation and pa...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.24865

    authors: Rustemoglu A,Ekinci D,Nursal AF,Barut S,Duygu F,Günal Ö

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Human recombinant myeloperoxidase antiviral activity on cytomegalovirus.

    abstract::In vitro incubation of human cytomegalovirus (Towne strain) with 8 U/ml human recombinant myeloperoxidase plus sodium chloride and glucose nearly abolished viral infectivity. To assay the effect on intracellular infection, cell toxicity of the enzymes was first studied. Even the high dose of 16 U/ml of recombinant mye...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: El Messaoudi K,Verheyden AM,Thiry L,Fourez S,Tasiaux N,Bollen A,Moguilevsky N

    更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00

  • GBV-C viremia and clinical events in advanced HIV infection.

    abstract::GB Virus C (GBV-C) is a non-pathogenic flavivirus, commonly found in HIV infected patients. Studies suggest a survival benefit of GBV-C viremia in HIV infection. Impact of GBV-C viremia was evaluated on clinical outcome in multidrug-resistant HIV. The OPTIMA study enrolled advanced multidrug-resistant HIV patients wit...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1002/jmv.23845

    authors: Sahni H,Kirkwood K,Kyriakides TC,Stapleton J,Brown ST,Holodniy M,OPTIMA Study Team.

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Growth of human immunodeficiency virus I in cultured cells in the absence of the CD4 antigen.

    abstract::The ability of a variety of epithelial, embryonal, placental, and neuronal cells to express the CD4 antigen and to be infected by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) was examined. Only two (IMR-32 and HeLa-T4) expressed CD4 detectable by indirect immunofluorescence, and both were infectable by HIV-1. Two others, a ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.1890350308

    authors: Morrison NK,McCarthy K,Hart CA

    更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by Noroviruses in Okayama, Japan.

    abstract::Noroviruses (called formerly "Norwalk-like viruses") cause food-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks. These outbreaks were thought to be related to shellfish consumption, although non-shellfish related outbreaks also occurred frequently in Japan. To clarify the epidemiology of Norovirus outbreaks, 435 stool samples were co...

    journal_title:Journal of medical virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmv.20455

    authors: Hamano M,Kuzuya M,Fujii R,Ogura H,Yamada M

    更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00