Abstract：
:This paper concerns the use of tracking studies to test a theoretical account of the information processing performed by the human CNS during control of movement. The theory provides a bridge between studies of reaction time and continuous tracking. It is proposed that the human CNS includes neuronal circuitry to compute inverse internal models of the multiple input, multiple output, dynamic, non-linear relationships between outgoing motor commands and their resulting perceptual consequences. The inverse internal models are employed during movement execution to transform preplanned trajectories of desired perceptual consequences into appropriate outgoing motor commands to achieve them. A finite interval of time is required by the CNS to preplan the desired perceptual consequences of a movement and it does not commence planning a new movement until planning of the old one has been completed. This behavior introduces intermittency into the planning of movements. In this paper we show that the gain and phase frequency response characteristics of the human operator in a visual pursuit tracking task can be derived theoretically from these assumptions. By incorporating the effects of internal model inaccuracy and of speed-accuracy trade-off in performance, it is shown that various aspects of experimentally measured tracking behavior can be accounted for.
journal_name
Biol Cybernjournal_title
Biological cyberneticsauthors
Neilson PD,Neilson MD,O'Dwyer NJdoi
10.1007/BF00364156subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-01-01 00:00:00pages
101-12issue
2eissn
0340-1200issn
1432-0770journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Trajectories in human aimed movements are inherently variable. Using the concept of positional variance profiles, such trajectories are shown to be decomposable into two phases: In a first phase, the variance of the limb position over many trajectories increases rapidly; in a second phase, it then decreases steadily. ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-020-00853-7
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:David Marr and others have hypothesized that the visual system processes complex scene information in stages, the first of which involves the detection of light intensity edges or "zero-crossings" (Marr, 1982). Ideal zero-crossing detector mechanisms have been described and modeled in terms of their possible physiolog...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00346140
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The size of a pair of cortical ocular dominance columns determines a basic anatomical module of V-1 which Hubel and Wiesel have termed the hypercolumn. Does this correspond to a basic functional, or psychophysically measurable, module as well? This is the basic question addressed in the present paper. Since the ocular...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050510
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For over 75 years it has been clear that the number of spikes in a neural response is an important part of the neuronal code. Starting as early as the 1950's with MacKay and McCullough, there has been speculation over whether each spike and its exact time of occurrence carry information. Although it is obvious that th...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00422-009-0321-x
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article, we present a neurologically motivated computational architecture for visual information processing. The computational architecture's focus lies in multiple strategies: hierarchical processing, parallel and concurrent processing, and modularity. The architecture is modular and expandable in both hardwa...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-014-0597-3
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arthropods as well as mammals are able to return straight home after a random search excursion under conditions that are designed to exclude all external cues. After a brief clarification of the terminology, two principal systems of information processing that can achieve this performance are introduced and analysed: ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220000169
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, we present a continuous attractor network model that we hypothesize will give some suggestion of the mechanisms underlying several neural processes such as velocity tuning to visual stimulus, sensory discrimination, sensorimotor transformations, motor control, motor imagery, and imitation. All of these ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-006-0131-3
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fitzhugh's BVP model has been used by many people. Fitzhugh has pointed out that as the stimulus is increased the model has "inverted" behaviour. It is here shown that this is due to a lack of a mechanism of inactivation, and the model is adjusted by supplying such a mechanism, to give a new model, called BPH, which, ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00344278
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of spatial frequency discrimination learning on spatial frequency detection tuning curves, obtained by a summation to threshold paradigm, has been investigated. Three human observers were exposed to a grating discrimination task for longer than two weeks, and their detection thresholds for compound Gabor gr...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/PL00007983
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evoked potential waveforms are generally of a dynamic, transient character. Consequently, their spectral energy distribution cannot be adequately described by time-invariant representations, such as the power density spectrum. Obviously, a spectro-temporal description is needed. Appropriate means for obtaining such de...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00335365
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In neuronal networks, the changes of synaptic strength (or weight) performed by spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) are hypothesized to give rise to functional network structure. This article investigates how this phenomenon occurs for the excitatory recurrent connections of a network with fixed input weights tha...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-009-0346-1
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Responses from neurons of the vestibular nuclei were recorded in N2O-anaesthetized cats. Most neurons in the rostral parts of the nuclei responded to bimodal visual-vestibular stimulation, following a trapezoidal velocity profile. Both combinations of the two stimuli were tested: rotation of the animal with stationary...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00347638
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents a model for the circadian temporization system of mammals which associates the synchronization dynamics of coupling oscillators to a set of equations able to reproduce the synaptic characteristics of somatodendritic membrane of neurons. The circadian timing system is organized in a way to receive i...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-009-0309-6
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stochastic resonance is demonstrated in a simple energy detector model, as a non-monotonic relationship between signal-to-noise ratio and detection of a sinusoid signal in bandpass-limited Gaussian noise. The behaviour of the model detecting signals of various intensities and signal-to-noise ratios was investigated. S...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220000176
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A signal-tuned approach has been recently introduced for modeling stimulus-dependent cortical receptive fields. The approach is based on signal-tuned Gabor functions, which are Gaussian-modulated sinusoids whose parameters are obtained from a "tuning" signal. Given a stimulus to a cell, it is taken as the tuning signa...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-015-0653-7
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to modern views of the cerebellum in motor control, each cerebellar functional unit, or microzone, learns how to execute predictive and coordinative control, based on long-term depression of the granule cell-Purkinje cell synapses. In the present paper, in light of recent experimental and theoretical studies...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050462
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a controls systems model of horizontal-plane head movements during perturbations of the trunk, which for the first time interfaces a model of the human head with neural feedback controllers representing the vestibulocollic (VCR) and the cervicocollic (CCR) reflexes. This model is homeomorphic such that mode...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050297
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the seminal works of Bernstein (The coordination and regulation of movements. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1967) several authors have supported the idea that, to produce a goal-oriented movement in general, and a movement of the organs responsible for the production of speech sounds in particular, individuals activat...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-018-0749-y
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A model calculation is presented simulating the coordinated interaction between the walking legs of a multi-legged animal. The neural network consists of separate modules with oscillatory capabilities. It has the ability to adjust the necessary parameters for producing a coordinated interaction between the modules in ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00200811
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Grating cells were discovered in the V1 and V2 areas of the monkey visual cortex by von der Heydt et al. (1992). These cells responded vigorously to grating patterns of appropriate orientation and periodicity. Computational models inspired by these findings were used as texture operator (Kruzinga and Petkov 1995, 1999...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-004-0522-2
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes how a synergy made up of a pair of agonist and antagonist systems involved in the production of a rapid movement can control movement time. A quadratic law is derived to predict the movement time as a function of the various parameters describing the neuromuscular synergy. Conditions for a simplif...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00202786
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between disparity and ocular vergence was investigated under closed-loop as well as under open-loop viewing conditions. First we examined whether vergence responded similarly to disparity presented under open-loop and closed-loop conditions. Similar response were observed in both conditions. The direc...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00224855
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The idea that a sparse representation is the computational principle of visual systems has been supported by Olshausen and Field [Nature (1996) 381: 607-609] and many other studies. On the other hand neurons in the inferotemporal cortex respond to moderately complex features called icon alphabets, and such neurons res...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220000149
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual system is constantly confronted with the problem of integrating local signals into more global arrangements. This arises from the nature of early cell responses, whether they signal localized measures of luminance, motion, retinal position differences, or discontinuities. Consequently, from sparse, local me...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220100258
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons transmit information as action potentials or spikes. Due to the inherent randomness of the inter-spike intervals (ISIs), probabilistic models are often used for their description. Cumulative damage (CD) distributions are a family of probabilistic models that has been widely considered for describing time-relat...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00422-015-0651-9
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We consider a general integrate-and-fire (IF) neuron driven by asymmetric dichotomous noise. In contrast to the Gaussian white noise usually used in the so-called diffusion approximation, this noise is colored, i.e., it exhibits temporal correlations. We give an analytical expression for the stationary voltage distrib...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-014-0621-7
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper we present a systematic method for generating simulations of nonstationary EEG. Such simulations are needed, for example, in the evaluation of tracking algorithms. First a state evolution process is simulated. The states are initially represented as segments of stationary autoregressive processes which a...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050348
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Craik-O'Brien illusion was measured for patterns of negative and positive contrast by a compensation method. The illusion of negative contrast (black teeth on uniform field) was stronger than that of positive one (white teeth). The amount of compensation increased linearly with increasing tooth width, but was nonl...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00364002
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose a simple measure of neural sensitivity for characterizing stimulus coding. Sensitivity is defined as the fraction of neurons that show positive responses to n stimuli out of a total of N. To determine a positive response, we propose two methods: Fisherian statistical testing and a data-driven Bayesian appro...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-009-0297-6
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Statistical properties of spike trains as well as other neurophysiological data suggest a number of mathematical models of neurons. These models range from entirely descriptive ones to those deduced from the properties of the real neurons. One of them, the diffusion leaky integrate-and-fire neuronal model, which is ba...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-016-0690-x
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
