Abstract:
:Mucoromycota representatives are known to harbour two types of endohyphal bacteria (EHB) - Burkholderia related endobacteria (BRE) and Mycoplasma related endobacteria (MRE). While both BRE and MRE occur in fungi representing all subphyla of Mucoromycota, their distribution is not well studied. Therefore, it is difficult to resolve the evolutionary history of these associations in favour of one of the two alternative hypotheses explaining their origin: "early invasion" and "late invasion". Our main goal was to fill this knowledge gap by surveying Mucoromycota fungi for presence of EHB. We screened 196 fungal strains from 16 genera using PCR-based approach to detect bacterial 16S rDNA gene, complemented with FISH imaging to confirm presence of bacteria within the hyphae. We detected Burkholderiaceae in ca. 20% of fungal strains. Some of these bacteria clustered phylogenetically with previously described BRE clades whereas others grouped with free-living Paraburkholderia Importantly, the latter were detected in Umbelopsidales, which previously were not known to harbour endobacteria. Our results suggest that this group of EHB is recruited from the environment, supporting the late invasion scenario. This pattern complements the early invasion scenario apparent in the BRE clade of EHB.IMPORTANCE Bacteria living within fungal hyphae present an example of one of the most intimate relationships between fungi and bacteria. Even though there are several well-described examples of such partnerships, their prevalence within fungal kingdom remains unknown. Our study focused on early divergent terrestrial fungi in the phylum Mucoromycota. We found that ca. 20% of the strains tested, harboured bacteria from the family Burkholderiaceae. Not only did we confirm the presence of bacteria from previously described endosymbiont clades, we also identified new group of endohyphal Burkholderiaceae representing the genus Paraburkholderia We established that more than half of the screened Umbelopsis strains were positive for bacteria from this new group. We also determined that, while previously described BRE codiverged with their fungal hosts, Paraburkholderia symbionts did not.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Okrasińska A,Bokus A,Duk K,Gęsiorska A,Sokołowska B,Miłobędzka A,Wrzosek M,Pawłowska Jdoi
10.1128/AEM.02707-20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-22 00:00:00eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.02707-20pub_type
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