Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Told from the viewpoint of rheumatologists, this review tells the story of hydroxychloroquine and its swift ascent to become a household name as a therapeutic strategy against the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. This review describes the history, mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic applications, and safety profile of hydroxychloroquine as an immunomodulatory and antiviral agent. It also summarizes the major studies that launched and assessed the use of hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19 infection. RECENT FINDINGS:More recent literature calls into question the long-held dogma that endolysosomal alkalinization is the primary mode of action of hydroxychloroquine. Ongoing uncertainty about the multiple potential mechanisms contributing to the therapeutic effect of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic and viral disease led to a natural avenue for exploration in the treatment of COVID-19. Taken as a whole, the literature does not support utilizing hydroxychloroquine to treat or prevent infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This is, at least in part, due to the wide variability in hydroxychloroquine pharmacokinetics between patients and difficulty achieving adequate target tissue concentrations of hydroxychloroquine without encountering unacceptable toxicities. Hydroxychloroquine continues to be a routinely prescribed, well-tolerated, effective, and low-cost treatment for rheumatic disease. Its therapeutic versatility has led to frequent repurposing for other conditions, most recently as an investigative treatment against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Despite overall negative findings, the intense study of hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19 infection has enhanced our overall understanding of how hydroxychloroquine operates in autoimmune disease and beyond.
journal_name
Curr Allergy Asthma Repjournal_title
Current allergy and asthma reportsauthors
Udupa A,Leverenz D,Balevic SJ,Sadun RE,Tarrant TK,Rogers JLdoi
10.1007/s11882-020-00983-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-21 00:00:00pages
5issue
1eissn
1529-7322issn
1534-6315pii
10.1007/s11882-020-00983-9journal_volume
21pub_type
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journal_title:Current allergy and asthma reports
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journal_title:Current allergy and asthma reports
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journal_title:Current allergy and asthma reports
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journal_title:Current allergy and asthma reports
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journal_title:Current allergy and asthma reports
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更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current allergy and asthma reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11882-017-0713-2
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current allergy and asthma reports
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更新日期:2018-02-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current allergy and asthma reports
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journal_title:Current allergy and asthma reports
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