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A new hypothesis for the origin of Amazonian Dark Earths.

Abstract：

:Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are unusually fertile soils characterised by elevated concentrations of microscopic charcoal particles, which confer their distinctive colouration. Frequent occurrences of pre-Columbian artefacts at ADE sites led to their ubiquitous classification as Anthrosols (soils of anthropic origin). However, it remains unclear how indigenous peoples created areas of high fertility in one of the most nutrient-impoverished environments on Earth. Here, we report new data from a well-studied ADE site in the Brazilian Amazon, which compel us to reconsider its anthropic origin. The amounts of phosphorus and calcium-two of the least abundant macronutrients in the region-are orders of magnitude higher in ADE profiles than in the surrounding soil. The elevated levels of phosphorus and calcium, which are often interpreted as evidence of human activity at other sites, correlate spatially with trace elements that indicate exogenous mineral sources rather than in situ deposition. Stable isotope ratios of neodymium, strontium, and radiocarbon activity of microcharcoal particles also indicate exogenous inputs from alluvial deposition of carbon and mineral elements to ADE profiles,  beginning several thousands of years before the earliest evidence of soil management for plant cultivation in the region. Our data suggest that indigenous peoples harnessed natural processes of landscape formation, which led to the unique properties of ADEs, but were not responsible for their genesis. If corroborated elsewhere, this hypothesis would transform our understanding of human influence in Amazonia, opening new frontiers for the sustainable use of tropical landscapes going forward.

journal_name

Nat Commun

journal_title

Nature communications

authors

Silva LCR,Corrêa RS,Wright JL,Bomfim B,Hendricks L,Gavin DG,Muniz AW,Martins GC,Motta ACV,Barbosa JZ,Melo VF,Young SD,Broadley MR,Santos RV

doi

10.1038/s41467-020-20184-2

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-01-04 00:00:00

pages

127

issue

1

issn

2041-1723

pii

10.1038/s41467-020-20184-2

journal_volume

12

pub_type

杂志文章

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