Abstract：
:Shrimp inhabiting coasts that are frequented by humans are exposed to various pollutants. Additionally, viral infections that cause serious damage to shrimp populations have been observed in these environments. The present study sought to evaluate the immunotoxic effects of phenanthrene (Phe), a pollutant detected in coastal environments, on kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus). We further examined the survival of shrimp following combined exposure to Phe (30 or 300 μg/L) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Results show that exposure to Phe for seven days decreased immune system-related parameters, including total hemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph (p < 0.05). However, these effects were not detected after three days of exposure. Moreover, a combined exposure assay revealed that shrimp mortality increased following exposure to 300 μg/L Phe and infection with WSSV. The number of WSSV gene copies was also observed to increase in these co-exposed shrimp. Taken together, these results indicate that long-term Phe exposure impairs the immune system of P. japonicus, resulting in fatal proliferation of WSSV. Hence, considering that combined exposure to Phe and WSSV leads to increased mortality of shrimp, it is imperative that the detrimental effects elicited by multiple stresses be considered, and controlled, in areas inhabited by kuruma shrimp.
journal_name
Ecotoxicol Environ Safjournal_title
Ecotoxicology and environmental safetyauthors
Ito M,Satoh J,Hano T,Mekata T,Ito Kdoi
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111640subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-15 00:00:00pages
111640eissn
0147-6513issn
1090-2414pii
S0147-6513(20)31477-9journal_volume
208pub_type
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