Abstract:
:Rationale: Decisions in medicine are made on the basis of knowledge and reasoning, often in shared conversations with patients and families in consideration of clinical practice guideline recommendations, individual preferences, and individual goals. Observational studies can provide valuable knowledge to inform guidelines, decisions, and policy.Objectives: The American Thoracic Society (ATS) created a multidisciplinary ad hoc committee to develop a research statement to clarify the role of observational studies-alongside randomized controlled trials (RCTs)-in informing clinical decisions in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine.Methods: The committee examined the strengths of observational studies assessing causal effects, how they complement RCTs, factors that impact observational study quality, perceptions of observational research, and, finally, the practicalities of incorporating observational research into ATS clinical practice guidelines.Measurements and Main Results: There are strengths and weakness of observational studies as well as RCTs. Observational studies can provide evidence in representative and diverse patient populations. Quality observational studies should be sought in the development of ATS clinical practice guidelines, and medical decision-making in general, when 1) no RCTs are identified or RCTs are appraised as being of low- or very low-quality (replacement); 2) RCTs are of moderate quality because of indirectness, imprecision, or inconsistency, and observational studies mitigate the reason that RCT evidence was downgraded (complementary); or 3) RCTs do not provide evidence for outcomes that a guideline committee considers essential for decision-making (e.g., rare or long-term outcomes; "sequential").Conclusions: Observational studies should be considered in developing clinical practice guidelines and in making clinical decisions.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Gershon AS,Lindenauer PK,Wilson KC,Rose L,Walkey AJ,Sadatsafavi M,Anstrom KJ,Au DH,Bender BG,Brookhart MA,Dweik RA,Han MK,Joo MJ,Lavergne V,Mehta AB,Miravitlles M,Mularski RA,Roche N,Oren E,Riekert KA,Schoenberg Ndoi
10.1164/rccm.202010-3943STsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-01 00:00:00pages
14-23issue
1eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
203pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In vivo, IgE production is related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness and, in vitro, passive sensitization of human airways with asthmatic serum containing a high concentration of IgE enhances the contractile response to a variety of agonists. However, cell types implicated in this IgE sensitization are not fully determ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.2.9707042
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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更新日期:2002-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.6.8520760
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.201302-0264OC
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.2003049
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abstract::Normative spirometric values were derived from 5,042 white (of mainly European ancestry) and black (of mainly African ancestry) men and women paper plant workers who are never-smokers, with no respiratory symptoms or diagnoses and no history of occupational exposure to fibrogenic dusts or irritant chemicals. This coho...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.2.7842200
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200207-736BC
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.2001063
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
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更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergen inhalation causes airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in dogs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is associated with increases in oxygen radical production from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. A group of 10 random-source dogs were ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735610
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201207-1292OC
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564110
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更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767550
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001340
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9705026
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00