Modelling the effect of market forces on the impact of introducing human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers.

Abstract:

:Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enables female sex workers (FSWs) to protect themselves from HIV without relying on clients using condoms. Yet, because PrEP reduces HIV risk, financial incentives to not use condoms may lead to risk compensation: reductions in condom use and/or increases in commercial sex, and may reduce the price of unprotected sex. In this analysis, we integrate market forces into a dynamic HIV transmission model to assess how risk compensation could change the impact of PrEP among FSWs and clients. We parameterise how sexual behavior may change with PrEP use among FSWs using stated preference data combined with economic theory. Our projections suggest the impact of PrEP is sensitive to risk compensatory behaviors driven by changes in the economics of sex work. Condom substitution could reduce the impact of PrEP on HIV incidence by 55%, while increases in the frequency of commercial sex to counter decreases in the price charged for unprotected sex among PrEP users could entirely mitigate the impact of PrEP. Accounting for competition between PrEP users and nonusers exacerbates this further. Alternative scenarios where increases in unprotected sex among PrEP users are balanced by decreases in non-PrEP users have the opposite effect, resulting in PrEP having much greater impact. Intervention studies need to determine how HIV prevention products may change the economics of sex work and provision of unprotected sex to enable a better understanding of their impact.

journal_name

Health Econ

journal_title

Health economics

authors

Quaife M,Terris-Prestholt F,Mukandavire Z,Vickerman P

doi

10.1002/hec.4211

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-12-29 00:00:00

eissn

1057-9230

issn

1099-1050

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Dynamic Transmission Economic Evaluation of Infectious Disease Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.

    abstract::Economic evaluation using dynamic transmission models is important for capturing the indirect effects of infectious disease interventions. We examine the use of these methods in low- and middle-income countries, where infectious diseases constitute a major burden. This review is comprised of two parts: (1) a summary o...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/hec.3303

    authors: Drake TL,Devine A,Yeung S,Day NP,White LJ,Lubell Y

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of a major cigarette price change on smoking behavior in california: a zero-inflated negative binomial model.

    abstract::The objective of this paper is to determine the price sensitivity of smokers in their consumption of cigarettes, using evidence from a major increase in California cigarette prices due to Proposition 10 and the Tobacco Settlement. The study sample consists of individual survey data from Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.849

    authors: Sheu ML,Hu TW,Keeler TE,Ong M,Sung HY

    更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00

  • Income inequality and mental health--empirical evidence from Australia.

    abstract::The causal association between absolute income and health is well-established; however, the relationship between income inequality and health is not. The conclusions from the received studies vary across the region or country studied and/or the methodology employed. Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in A...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.2814

    authors: Bechtel L,Lordan G,Rao DS

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Preventable illness and out-of-area travel of children in New York counties.

    abstract::The long-distance travellers could be important to any cost-benefit assessment of policies to increase or improve local resources. This study examines the out-of-area hospital admission pattern for patients with Ambulatory Care Sensitive (ACS) conditions, also known as preventable conditions. The availability of local...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1099-1050(200101)10:1<67::aid-hec562>3.0.c

    authors: Basu J,Friedman B

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Are health shocks different? Evidence from a multishock survey in Laos.

    abstract::Using primary data from Laos, we compare a broad range of different types of shocks in terms of their incidence, distribution between the poor and the better off, idiosyncrasy, costs, coping responses, and self-reported impacts on well-being. Health shocks are more common than most other shocks, more concentrated amon...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.2944

    authors: Wagstaff A,Lindelow M

    更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00

  • Determinants of U.S. Prescription Drug Utilization using County Level Data.

    abstract::Prescription drugs are the third largest component of U.S. healthcare expenditures. The 2006 Medicare Part D and the 2010 Affordable Care Act are catalysts for further growths in utilization becuase of insurance expansion effects. This research investigating the determinants of prescription drug utilization is timely,...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.3176

    authors: Nianogo T,Okunade A,Fofana D,Chen W

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • A discrete random effects probit model with application to the demand for preventive care.

    abstract::I have developed a random effects probit model in which the distribution of the random intercept is approximated by a discrete density. Monte Carlo results show that only three to four points of support are required for the discrete density to closely mimic normal and chi-squared densities and provide unbiased estimat...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.627

    authors: Deb P

    更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of health changes and long-term health on the work activity of older Canadians.

    abstract::Using longitudinal data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS), we study the relationship between health and employment among older Canadians. We focus on two issues: (1) the possible problems with self-reported health, including endogeneity and measurement error, and (2) the relative importance of...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1051

    authors: Au DW,Crossley TF,Schellhorn M

    更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00

  • Uncertainty and validation of health economic decision models.

    abstract::Health economic decision models are based on specific assumptions relating to model structure and parameter estimation. Validation of these models is recommended as an indicator of reliability, but is not commonly reported. Furthermore, models derived from different data and employing different assumptions may produce...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1444

    authors: Kim LG,Thompson SG

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Is there a case for using visual analogue scale valuations in cost-utility analysis?

    abstract::This paper critically reviews theoretical and empirical propositions regarding visual analogue scale (VAS) valuations of health states and their use in cost-utility analysis (CUA). A widely repeated assertion in the economic evaluation literature is the inferiority, on theoretical grounds, of VAS valuations. Five comm...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/hec.1086

    authors: Parkin D,Devlin N

    更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00

  • Suboptimal provision of preventive healthcare due to expected enrollee turnover among private insurers.

    abstract::Many preventive healthcare procedures are widely recognized as cost-effective but have relatively low utilization rates in the US. Because preventive care is a present-period investment with a future-period expected financial return, enrollee turnover among private insurers lowers the expected return of this investmen...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1484

    authors: Herring B

    更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00

  • Equitable access to health care: methodological extensions to the analysis of physician utilization in Canada.

    abstract::In this paper we analyse the distribution of family physician use in Canada to explore whether the stated goal of reasonable access to care has been achieved. We test hypotheses to see whether (a) variations in incidence and quantity of use are independent of need for care as proxied by self-assessed health status and...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.4730020203

    authors: Birch S,Eyles J,Newbold KB

    更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00

  • The impact of work-limiting disability on labor force participation.

    abstract::According to the justification hypothesis, non-employed individuals may over-report their level of work limitation, leading to biased census/survey estimates of the prevalence of severe disabilities and the associated labor force participation rate. For researchers studying policies which impact the disabled or elderl...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.3020

    authors: Webber DA,Bjelland MJ

    更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00

  • The price of placements in residential and nursing home care: the effects of contracts and competition.

    abstract::A variety of contract types are used in the placement of elderly people in residential and nursing care homes in the UK. Contracts vary according to how and when providers are paid. Among other things, prices can be made contingent on the total quantity of service to be purchased and on production cost characteristics...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1099-1050(200010)9:7<643::aid-hec528>3.0.c

    authors: Forder J,Netten A

    更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00

  • Combat exposure and mental health: the long-term effects among US Vietnam and Gulf War veterans.

    abstract::Using a random sample of more than 4000 veterans, we test the effects of combat exposure on mental health. We focus on two cohorts of veterans: those who served in Vietnam (1964-1975) and the Gulf War (1990-1991). Combat exposure differed between these groups in intensity, duration and elapsed time since exposure. We ...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1594

    authors: Gade DM,Wenger JB

    更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00

  • Measuring catastrophic medical expenditures: Reflections on three issues.

    abstract::In the "basic" approach, medical expenses are catastrophic if they exceed a prespecified percentage of consumption or income; the approach tells us if expenses cause a large percentage reduction in living standards. The ability-to-pay (ATP) approach defines expenses as catastrophic if they exceed a prespecified percen...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.3881

    authors: Wagstaff A

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmaceutical expenditure, total health-care expenditure and GDP.

    abstract::This paper analyses the evolution of pharmaceutical expenditure with respect to GDP for a group of the most important OECD economies. We find that this relationship is not stable across the sample considered (1960-2003), and heterogeneity is found in the temporal evolution of the variables and across countries. Furthe...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1317

    authors: Clemente J,Marcuello C,Montañés A

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • The male-female gap in physician earnings: evidence from a public health insurance system.

    abstract::Empirical evidence from US studies suggests that female physicians earn less than their male counterparts, on average. The earnings gap does not disappear when individual and market characteristics are controlled for. This paper investigates whether a gender earnings difference can also be observed in a health-care sy...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1663

    authors: Theurl E,Winner H

    更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of national health insurance on mortality and the SES-health gradient: evidence from the elderly in Taiwan.

    abstract::Using the difference-in-difference-in-differences method, we examine the effect of the National Health Insurance (NHI) on mortality, self-assessed health, and functional limitations of the elderly and seek to determine whether the effect is spread equally across health classes. We find that the NHI only has an effect ...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1815

    authors: Keng SH,Sheu SJ

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • US health services employment: a time series analysis.

    abstract::The growth of health services employment in the United States is modelled using ARIMA analysis, and related to the growth in total U.S. employment. It is argued that specific features of the medical care sector (licensed professional manpower, non-profit firms, third-party financing) create institutional rigidities wh...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.4730030306

    authors: Kendix M,Getzen TE

    更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00

  • The effects of Medicaid expansion on labor market outcomes: Evidence from border counties.

    abstract::This paper provides new empirical evidence on the employment and earning effects of the recent Medicaid expansion. Unlike most existing studies that use a conventional state and year fixed effects approach, our main identification strategy is based on the comparison of employment and wages in contiguous county-pairs i...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.3976

    authors: Peng L,Guo X,Meyerhoefer CD

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Optimal cost reimbursement of health insurers to reduce risk selection.

    abstract::In the absence of a perfect risk adjustment scheme, reimbursing health insurers' costs can reduce risk selection in community-rated health insurance markets. In this paper, we develop a model in which insurers determine the cost efficiency of health care and have incentives for risk selection. We derive the optimal co...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1614

    authors: Kifmann M,Lorenz N

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • Monetary valuation of informal care: the well-being valuation method.

    abstract::This paper estimates the monetary value of providing informal care by means of a well-being valuation method. This is done by assessing the compensating variation necessary to maintain the same level of well-being after an informal caregiver provides an extra hour of informal care. The informal caregiver's well-being ...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1224

    authors: van den Berg B,Ferrer-I-Carbonell A

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Social tariffs and democratic choice-Do population-based health state values reflect the will of the people?

    abstract::In economic evaluations of health technologies, health outcomes are commonly measured in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). QALYs are the product of time and health-related quality of life. Health-related quality of life, in turn, is determined by a social tariff, which is supposed to reflect the public's p...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.4179

    authors: Schneider PP

    更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00

  • The health benefits of a targeted cash transfer: The UK Winter Fuel Payment.

    abstract::Each year, the UK records 25,000 or more excess winter deaths, primarily among the elderly. A key policy response is the "Winter Fuel Payment" (WFP), a labelled but unconditional cash transfer to households with a member above the female state pension age. The WFP has been shown to raise fuel spending among eligible h...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.3666

    authors: Crossley TF,Zilio F

    更新日期:2018-05-09 00:00:00

  • Competition between brand-name and generics--analysis on pricing of brand-name pharmaceutical.

    abstract::The objective of this paper is to provide two-stage game models explaining the 'Generic Competition Paradox' that demonstrates an increase of brand-name drug price in response to generic entry. Under the assumption that there are two groups of consumers who are segmented by their insurance status, high insurance cover...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.1392

    authors: Kong Y

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • Health care policy evaluation using longitudinal insurance claims data: an application of the panel Tobit estimator.

    abstract::The British Columbia Ministry of Health provides enhanced prescription drug insurance coverage to residents aged 65 and older. This exogenous change in the effective price of prescription drugs is used to investigate aspects of the drug use by seniors. Three sets of issues are of interest. First, what is the effect of...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1050(199707)6:4<365::aid-hec279

    authors: Grootendorst PV

    更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00

  • Classical versus relational approaches to understanding controls on a contract with independent GPs in South Africa.

    abstract::Contracts have played a central role in public sector reforms in developed countries over the last decade, and research increasingly highlights their varied nature. In low and middle income countries the use of contracts is encouraged but little attention has been paid to features of the setting that may influence the...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.792

    authors: Palmer N,Mills A

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • Self-Employment and Health: Barriers or Benefits?

    abstract::The self-employed are often reported to be healthier than wageworkers; however, the cause of this health difference is largely unknown. The longitudinal nature of the US Health and Retirement Study allows us to gauge the plausibility of two competing explanations for this difference: a contextual effect of self-employ...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.3087

    authors: Rietveld CA,van Kippersluis H,Thurik AR

    更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00

  • Limiting health-care access to undocumented immigrants: A wise option?

    abstract::The number of undocumented migrants in high-income countries has increased in recent decades, imposing considerable political, fiscal, and social pressures on governments. This has fostered discussions on whether and to what extent undocumented migrants should get access to public programs and public benefits. Looking...

    journal_title:Health economics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/hec.4115

    authors: Jiménez-Rubio D,Vall Castelló J

    更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00