Acidity across the interface from the ocean surface to sea spray aerosol.

abstract：:To elucidate the molecular mechanism of frameshift suppression by the SUF2 gene of yeast, the sequences of DNA fragments carrying the SUF2-1 and suf2+ alleles of the gene and surrounding regions have been determined. Comparison of the suppressor and wild-type sequences indicates that the SUF2 gene product is a proline...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cummins CM,Donahue TF,Culbertson MR

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlorophyll d-producing cyanobacteria are a recently described group of phototrophic bacteria that is a major focus of photosynthesis research, previously known only from marine environments in symbiosis with eukaryotes. We have discovered a free-living member of this group from a eutrophic hypersaline lake. Phylogene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miller SR,Augustine S,Olson TL,Blankenship RE,Selker J,Wood AM

更新日期：2005-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Without sufficient greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the early Earth would have become a permanently frozen planet because the young Sun was less luminous than it is today. Several resolutions to this faint young Sun-frozen Earth paradox have been proposed, with an atmosphere rich in CO2 being the one generally favo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bada JL,Bigham C,Miller SL

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we introduce the network histogram, a statistical summary of network interactions to be used as a tool for exploratory data analysis. A network histogram is obtained by fitting a stochastic blockmodel to a single observation of a network dataset. Blocks of edges play the role of histogram bins and commun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olhede SC,Wolfe PJ

更新日期：2014-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Message passing is a fundamental technique for performing calculations on networks and graphs with applications in physics, computer science, statistics, and machine learning, including Bayesian inference, spin models, satisfiability, graph partitioning, network epidemiology, and the calculation of matrix eigenvalues....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cantwell GT,Newman MEJ

更新日期：2019-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The switch from membrane-bound to secreted IgM is accomplished by producing alternative forms of mRNA from a single mu heavy-chain gene. This process might be controlled at any of three steps--transcription termination, RNA splicing, or RNA cleavage/poly(A) addition. To distinguish between these possibilities, we have...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Danner D,Leder P

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In nonneuronal cells, several plasma membrane proteins such as exofacial enzymes, receptors, and ion channels recycle between their intracellular compartment(s) and the cell surface via an endosomal pathway. In neurons, however, this pathway has not been extensively characterized. In particular, it remains unclear whe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thoidis G,Chen P,Pushkin AV,Vallega G,Leeman SE,Fine RE,Kandror KV

更新日期：1998-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In this model gravitation results from the emission and absorption of quanta (gravitons) that are scattered a few times in crossing a typical galaxy. Many features of the universe can be explained in terms of this model, although theoretical justification for the scattering of gravitons is lacking. Gravitons follow a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Britten RJ

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A total of 289,868 locus tests, based on 28 different protein phenotypes and using one-dimensional electrophoresis to detect variant proteins, has yielded one probable mutation in the offspring of "proximally exposed" parents, who received an estimated average gonadal exposure of 31 to 39 rem in the atomic bombings of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neel JV,Satoh C,Hamilton HB,Otake M,Goriki K,Kageoka T,Fujita M,Neriishi S,Asakawa J

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Branching morphogenesis in the mammary gland is achieved by the migration of epithelial cells through a microenvironment consisting of stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we show that galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous lectin that recognizes glycans bearing N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) epitopes, induces ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhat R,Belardi B,Mori H,Kuo P,Tam A,Hines WC,Le QT,Bertozzi CR,Bissell MJ

更新日期：2016-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 is the preferred substrate of the oligosaccharyltransferase of N-linked glycosylation of proteins, but nonglucosylated oligosaccharides can be transferred to proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutations affecting the addition of the three terminal glucose residues lead to accumulation of Man9GlcNAc2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stagljar I,te Heesen S,Aebi M

更新日期：1994-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino acid sequence of the light chain of bovine protein C was determined by sequenator analysis of the carboxymethylated light chain and fragments obtained by cyanogen bromide treatment, tryptic digestion after blocking of lysine residues, and cleavage with 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3-bromoindolenine (BN...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fernlund P,Stenflo J,Tufvesson A

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Design and synthesis of 3D metallic carbon that is stable under ambient conditions has been a long-standing dream. We predict the existence of such phases, T6- and T14-carbon, consisting of interlocking hexagons. Their dynamic, mechanical, and thermal stabilities are confirmed by carrying out a variety of state-of-the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang S,Wang Q,Chen X,Jena P

更新日期：2013-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA vaccines, comprised of plasmid DNA encoding proteins from pathogens, allergens, and tumors, are being evaluated as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic treatments for infectious diseases, allergies, and cancer; plasmids encoding normal human proteins are likewise being tested as vaccines and treatments for autoim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu M,Acres B,Balloul JM,Bizouarne N,Paul S,Slos P,Squiban P

更新日期：2004-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethylenediaminetetraacetate and other divalent-cation-complexing agents greatly stimulate the cellular binding of DNA molecules to competent pneumococci, while the appearance of genetic transformants and nuclease-resistant DNA binding are completely inhibited. Based on this finding, we developed an experimental system...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seto H,Tomasz A

更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An exact treatment of adsorption from a one-dimensional lattice gas is used to eliminate and correct a well-known inconsistency in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (B.E.T.) equation-namely, Gibbs excess adsorption is not taken into account and the Gibbs integral diverges at the transition point. However, neither model shoul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hill TL

更新日期：1996-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:IFNs are a family of cytokines that are essential for the antiviral response in vertebrates. Not surprisingly, viruses have adapted to encode virulence factors to cope with the IFN response. Intriguingly, we show here that all three types of interferons, IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IFN-λ, efficiently promote infection by a huma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao X,Guo F,Liu F,Cuconati A,Chang J,Block TM,Guo JT

更新日期：2014-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Seventeen monoclonal antibodies derived from fusions with spleen cells of mice immunized with established culture lines of renal cancers identified nine cell-surface antigenic systems. Six of the systems (gp160, S25, gp120r, gp120nr, gp115, and V1) represent antigens not previously described. The other three systems a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ueda R,Ogata S,Morrissey DM,Finstad CL,Szkudlarek J,Whitmore WF,Oettgen HF,Lloyd KO,Old LJ

更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein O-mannosylation represents an evolutionarily conserved, essential posttranslational modification with immense impact on a variety of cellular processes. In humans, O-mannosylation defects result in Walker-Warburg syndrome, a severe recessive congenital muscular dystrophy associated with defects in neuronal mig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hutzler J,Schmid M,Bernard T,Henrissat B,Strahl S

更新日期：2007-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:While the general structure of immunoglobulin chains has remained relatively unchanged throughout evolution, the organization of the genes encoding these molecules differs substantially. To understand how the rearranging immunoglobulin system arose, it is necessary to examine living representatives of the most early v...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hohman VS,Schuchman DB,Schluter SF,Marchalonis JJ

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is known that the c-myc oncogene is rearranged in a head-to-head fashion with the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in mouse plasmacytomas, it has not been clear whether the c-myc oncogene is translocated to the heavy chain locus on mouse chromosome 12 or whether the heavy chain locus is translocated to the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Erikson J,Miller DA,Miller OJ,Abcarian PW,Skurla RM,Mushinski JF,Croce CM

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The blue-light receptor genes (sopII) of sensory rhodopsin (SR) II were cloned from two species, the halophilic bacteria Haloarcula vallismortis (vSR-II) and Natronobacterium pharaonis (pSR-II). Upstream of both sopII gene loci, sequences corresponding to the halobacterial transducer of rhodopsin (Htr) II were recogni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seidel R,Scharf B,Gautel M,Kleine K,Oesterhelt D,Engelhard M

更新日期：1995-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of the nervous system in the amphibian embryo is initiated during gastrulation by an inductive interaction between chordamesoderm and dorsal ectoderm. The induced ectoderm forms the neural plate while uninduced ectoderm generates epidermis. We screened for genes activated during gastrulation and expressed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richter K,Grunz H,Dawid IB

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding of interferons to distinct cell surface receptors leads to the induction of synthesis of several unique polypeptides and their corresponding mRNAs (1-6). We have isolated two cDNAs that are complementary to nuclear RNA whose synthesis is induced from undetectable levels to maximal rates of transcription wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Larner AC,Jonak G,Cheng YS,Korant B,Knight E,Darnell JE Jr

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) and activated oncogenes on the growth and morphology of primary baby mouse kidney (BMK) cells has been studied. Early region DNA from HPV types 16, 18, 31, and 33, but not type 6, under the transcriptional control of a heterologous, retroviral promoter cooperated with EJ-ras to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crook T,Storey A,Almond N,Osborn K,Crawford L

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy atoms, such as bromine or iodine, perturb the excited-state properties of aromatic chromophores through a spin-orbital coupling mechanism. In the present work the use of specifically directed spin-orbital probes to study subtle structural relationships in biopolymers is described. Heavy atoms are introduced into...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galley WC,Purkey RM

更新日期：1972-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotrophins are potent survival factors for developing and injured neurons. However, they are not being used to treat neurodegenerative diseases because of difficulties in administration and numerous side effects that have been encountered in previous clinical trials. Their biological activities use Trk (tropomyosin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wiese S,Jablonka S,Holtmann B,Orel N,Rajagopal R,Chao MV,Sendtner M

更新日期：2007-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic microbial infections are associated with fibrotic and inflammatory reactions known as granulomas showing similarities to wound-healing and tissue repair processes. We have previously mapped three leishmaniasis susceptibility loci, designated lmr1, -2, and -3, which exert their effect independently of T cell im...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sakthianandeswaren A,Elso CM,Simpson K,Curtis JM,Kumar B,Speed TP,Handman E,Foote SJ

更新日期：2005-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Representational difference analysis was used to search for pathogens in multiple sclerosis brains. We detected a 341-nucleotide fragment that was 99.4% identical to the major DNA binding protein gene of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Examination of 86 brain specimens by PCR demonstrated that HHV-6 was present in > 70% ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Challoner PB,Smith KT,Parker JD,MacLeod DL,Coulter SN,Rose TM,Schultz ER,Bennett JL,Garber RL,Chang M

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleus accumbens (NAc) serves as a key neural substrate that controls acute and adaptive behavioral responses to cocaine administration. In this circuit, inputs from the NAc are transmitted through two parallel pathways, named the direct and indirect pathways, and converge at the substantia nigra pars reticulata ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kimura K,Hikida T,Yawata S,Yamaguchi T,Nakanishi S

更新日期：2011-06-14 00:00:00