Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:We explored the male-female health-survival paradox in the context of health expectancy (HE) at age 65 and thereafter, using three different morbidity measures and different severity cut-offs with and without adjustments for the share of nursing home residents. METHODS:HE at ages 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 was estimated with the Sullivan method, linking morbidity prevalence from the KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg)-Age study to 2016 Bavarian mortality data. Morbidity measures comprised deficit accumulation (Frailty Index, FI, cut-offs 0.08 and 0.25), disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index, HAQ-DI, cut-off >0) and participation (Global Activity Limitation Indicator, GALI, "limited" vs "not limited"). RESULTS:Morbidity data were available for 4083 participants (52.7% female). HE was lower in women than in men at all ages. Differences in morbidity prevalence, absolute HE, and health proportions of life expectancy (relative HE) increased with age for FI ≥ 0.25 and GALI, but not for HAQ-DI > 0 and FI > 0.08. Accounting for the share of nursing home residents resulted in a slight reduction of HE estimates but had no impact on estimated sex differences. CONCLUSIONS:In HE at age 65 and thereafter, women's health disadvantage was larger than their life expectancy advantage over men.
journal_name
Exp Gerontoljournal_title
Experimental gerontologyauthors
Stephan AJ,Schwettmann L,Meisinger C,Ladwig KH,Linkohr B,Thorand B,Schulz H,Peters A,Grill Edoi
10.1016/j.exger.2020.111196subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-03-01 00:00:00pages
111196eissn
0531-5565issn
1873-6815pii
S0531-5565(20)30544-1journal_volume
145pub_type
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