Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To establish weight-based dose bands for commonly used oral medicines, given in liquid forms, for children in the UK that could be used for prescribing and administering accurate and safe drug doses. METHODS:A list of commonly prescribed, oral liquid medications was established from the medication dispensing database of four UK hospitals and a primary care database. The evidence base of currently used dose regimens for each drug was identified from paediatric reference books, summary of product characteristics and the literature. Then, weight-based dose bands were developed and a modified Delphi process was used to achieve healthcare professional consensus about the suggested dose bands for each drug. RESULTS:Forty-six experts in paediatric medicines participated in the Delphi process (mean years of experience 17.3 ± 9.4 [standard deviation]) and assessed 45 oral liquid drugs in total. Four categories of weight-based dose bands were established: drugs with two dose bands (17.8%, 8/45), drugs with three dose bands (64.4%, 29/45), drugs with four dose bands (15.6%, 7/45) and drugs with five dose bands (2.2%, 1/45). The 46 participants reached consensus on all the suggested dose bands for 53.3% (24/45) of the drugs. Consensus was reached in the first round of the Delphi process for 91.7% (22/24) of the drugs and after two rounds for two drugs. No agreement was achieved on any of the suggested dose bands for 26.7% (12/45) of the drugs. CONCLUSION:This study provides healthcare professionals with a set of recommended weight-based dose bands for commonly prescribed oral liquid drugs for children. These bands could establish the basis for change in clinical practice to reduce dosing errors and improve healthcare for children.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Rashed AN,Tomlin Sdoi
10.1111/bcp.14698subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-10 00:00:00eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The effects of locally administered physostigmine and di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) were compared on the secretory response of sweat glands to intradermally injected acetylcholine and carbachol in healthy male volunteers (physostigmine: six subjects; DFP: one subject). The response to acetylcholine reached its...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb05166.x
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To compare gastric acid suppression by netazepide, a gastrin/CCK2 receptor antagonist, with that by a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), and to determine if netazepide can prevent the trophic effects of PPI-induced hypergastrinaemia. METHODS:Thirty healthy subjects completed a double-blind, randomized, parallel group t...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/bcp.12534
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of the voltage dependent calcium channel blocking agent nifedipine, and of a calcium free bathing medium, on the responses of human blood vessels obtained postmortem to various agonists have been compared with those of the rat aorta. The human vessels studied were digital arteries, basilar arteries and ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb03856.x
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Analgesic nephropathy is part of the analgesic syndrome which has gastrointestinal, haematological, cardiovascular, psychological and psychiatric, and pregnancy and gonadal manifestations; premature ageing may also be a feature. 2 Analgesic nephropathy is a form of renal disease characterized by renal papillary necr...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01824.x
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Study I evaluated the absorption of oxprenolol in the ileum, compared to jejunum, in healthy volunteers by an intestinal perfusion technique. Around 80 mg of drug were delivered as a saline solution directly in the small bowel. 2 Samples taken 30 cm distally to the site of perfusion showed that 63% of perfused oxpre...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03178.x
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The effect of once daily nadolol therapy in sixteen ambulant patients with essential hypertension has been closely assessed during exercise and over 24 h by continuous intra-arterial recording. 2 The drug was well tolerated and showed similar efficacy to other beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. Whilst blood pressure...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb04938.x
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The new intravenous bisphosphonate drug aminohydroxypropylidine bisphosphonate (APD) is effective in treating the hypercalcaemia of malignant disease, but the optimum dose regimen is not yet established. We have treated twenty-seven patients with malignant hypercalcaemia (corrected calcium greater than 3.00 mmol l-...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb05426.x
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Endogenous dopamine, acting through specific receptors on blood vessels, renal tubules and adrenal cortical cells, may play a role in the development and maintenance of the hypertensive state. 2. In hypertensive patients, activation of the DA1-receptor with intravenous fenoldopam produces a rapid and sustained redu...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb05470.x
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:AT9283 is used to treat patients with solid tumours and patients with leukaemia. However, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for children with leukaemia remains unknown due to early termination of the Phase I trial. The aim of this study was to develop a population model of AT9283 to describe the pharmacokinetics in...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13260
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten patients with mild to moderate hypertension were treated for 9 weeks with a tablet formulation of pinacidil. Mean supine blood pressure fell from 174/100 to 148/84 mm Hg and mean supine pulse increased by 3 beats/min. Daily dosage was 40-100 mg, given in two or three divided doses. Plasma urea increased significan...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02456.x
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Infection-induced inflammation is associated with adverse long-term outcomes in preterm infants. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a candidate for adjunct immunomodulatory therapy in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but pharmacokinetic data in this population are extremely li...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13775
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The metabolic oxidation of debrisoquine (DB) was studied in 89 non-related Cuna Amerindian subjects. 2. Means and standard deviations for urinary recoveries of the intact drug and its 4-hydroxy metabolite (4-HD) were: %DB: 6.8 +/- 4.5; %4-HD: 16.0 +/- 9.1; %sum: 22.8 +/- 12.0. The log10 metabolic ratios for DB (LMR...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03776.x
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of solid and haematological malignancies and as an immunosuppressive agent. As a prodrug, it is dependent on bioactivation to the active phosphoramide mustard metabolite to elicit its therapeutic effect. This focused review will highlight the evidence for t...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bcp.14031
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The pharmacokinetics of proguanil were evaluated in patients with acute P. falciparum malaria receiving concomitantly proguanil hydrochloride and atovaquone. The population consisted of 203 Blacks, 112 Orientals and 55 Malays; 274 males and 96 females. Of the 370 patients, 114 and 256 patients were classified as 'p...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1996.tb00114.x
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The relationship between serum theophylline concentration and daily dose was studied in 45 patients receiving aminophylline orally and in 36 patients receiving it by constant intravenous infusion. 2 Patients were categorized as uncomplicated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or COPD with cor pulmonale (...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00893.x
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone (MP) were studied in five normal subjects following intravenous doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) and an oral dose of 20 mg methylprednisolone as 4 x 5 mg tablets. Plasma concentrations of MP and MPSS were measured by both high performanc...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb05366.x
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Breakthrough bleeding or even unwanted pregnancies have been reported in women during concomitant therapy with oral contraceptives and St John's wort extract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of St John's wort extract on oral contraceptive therapy with respect to ovarian activity, breakt...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.02005.x
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for quantitative evaluation of the influence of genetic variants in metabolic enzymes and transporters on lamotrigine pharmacokinetics while taking into account the influence of various clinical, biochemical and demographic factors. METHODS:We include...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.12984
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the effects of chlormethiazole and diazepam given orally on the ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) responses to CO2 in a placebo controlled study in 10 healthy volunteers. Diazepam 10 mg produced a significant reduction in both the ventilatory and P0.1 responses to CO2, and this was not as...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb05266.x
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Because of the large interpatient pharmacokinetic variability and established exposure-response and exposure-toxicity relationships in clinical trial patients, therapeut...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14332
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Methimazole plasma concentrations were measured in two groups of hyperthyroid subjects after the oral administration of either carbimazole or methimazole. 2 With the HPLC method it was also possible to measure the concentration of a methimazole metabolite, 3-methyl-2-thiohydantoin in one patient. 3 Large interindivi...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb05823.x
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine were studied in 12 healthy volunteers and 10 patients of Kenya African origin with Hodgkin's lymphoma. The half-life of antipyrine was 12.2 +/- 1.3 h (mean + s.d.), while the apparent volume of distribution (V) was 0.67 +/- 0.11 l kg-1 (mean +/- s.d.) and the total body clearance was...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03249.x
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing doses of a slow-release potassium supplement were given to nine hypertensive patients previously treated for at least 18 months with bendrofluazide 10 mg daily. Serum potassium and total body potassium (TBK) were measured after 2 months on each dose. No significant increase in serum potassium or TBK occurre...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01975.x
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oral delivery of peptides and proteins has been hampered by an array of obstacles. However, several promising novel oral delivery systems have been developed. This paper reviews the most advanced oral formulation technologies, and highlights key lessons and implications from studies undertaken to date with these o...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bcp.12557
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adopted guidelines reflect a harmonised European approach to a specific scientific issue and should reflect the most recent scientific knowledge. However, whilst EU regulations are mandatory for all member states and EU directives must be followed by national laws in line with the directive, EMA guidelines do not have...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/bcp.13883
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical studies comparing the response and side effects of various opioids have not been able to show robust differences between drugs. Hence, recommendations of the regulatory authorities have been driven by costs with a general tendency in many countries to restrict physician's use of opioids to morphine. Although ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04317.x
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medroxalol, a new drug which has been reported to possess both alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist properties, was compared with labetalol in single dose studies in normotensive males. Oral doses of 400 mg of each drug significantly reduced blood pressure, both supine and erect, without significant changes in hear...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02391.x
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The attitudes of general practitioners and hospital physicians to the management of hypertension in the elderly, were examined by responses to a postal questionnaire distributed within the Northern Region, concerning the management of a healthy 75 year old male non-smoker with sustained diastolic or isolated systol...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04481.x
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both the acute blood pressure lowering and renal effects of the calcium antagonist nicardipine and those after 1 week's treatment were investigated in 10 normotensive volunteers and in 10 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After 1 week of placebo, nicardipine was administered orally for 1 week (20 ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb05022.x
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide to serum, albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) was determined and compared at drug concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 400 mg/l using equilibrium dialysis and liquid chromatography. The total binding of carbamazepine in serum was determined primarily b...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02496.x
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
