Abstract:
:Engineering rubber composites have been widely used as main components in many fields including vehicle engineering and biomedical applications. However, when a rubber composite surface area is exposed to heat or sunlight and over a long-term accelerated exposure and lifecycle of test, the rubber becomes hard, thus influencing the mechanical and rheological behavior of the materials. Therefore, in this study, the deterioration of rheological characteristics particularly the phase shift angle (δ) of silicone rubber (SR) based magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is investigated under the effect of thermal aging. SR-MRE with 60 wt% of CIPs is fabricated and subjected to a continuous temperature of 100 °C for 72 h. The characterization of SR-MRE before and after thermal aging related to hardness, micrograph, and rheological properties are characterized using low vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM) and a rheometer, respectively. The results demonstrated that the morphological analysis has a rough surface and more voids occurred after the thermal aging. The hardness and the weight of the SR-MRE before and after thermal aging were slightly different. Nonetheless, the thermo-rheological results showed that the stress-strain behavior have changed the phase-shift angle (δ) of SR-MRE particularly at a high strain. Moreover, the complex mechanism of SR-MRE before and after thermal aging can be observed through the changes of the 'in-rubber structure' under rheological properties. Finally, the relationship between the phase-shift angle (δ) and the in-rubber structure due to thermal aging are discussed thoroughly which led to a better understanding of the thermo-rheological behavior of SR-MRE.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Aziz SAA,Mazlan SA,Ubaidillah U,Mohamad N,Choi SB,Che Aziz MA,Johari MAF,Homma Kdoi
10.3390/ijms21239007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-27 00:00:00issue
23issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21239007journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Atrazine, a member of the 2-chloro-s-triazine family of herbicides, is the most widely used pesticide in the world and often detected in agriculture watersheds. Although it was generally considered as an endocrine disruptor, posing a potential threat to human health, the molecular mechanisms of atrazine effects remain...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms151017806
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a known role as mediators of gene expression in crucial biological processes, which converts them into high potential contenders in the ongoing search for effective therapeutic strategies. However, extracellular RNAs are unstable and rapidly degraded, reducing the poss...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms22031105
更新日期:2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in 55%-75% of ovarian carcinomas (OC). EpCAM might be used as a target for a treatment of disseminated OC. Designed ankyrin repeats protein (DARPin) Ec1 is a small (18 kDa) protein, which binds to EpCAM with subnanomolar affinity. We tested a hypothesis that E...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21093310
更新日期:2020-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione synthetases catalyze the ATP-dependent synthesis of glutathione from l-γ-glutamyl- l-cysteine and glycine. Although these enzymes have been sequenced and characterized from a variety of biological sources, their exact catalytic mechanism is not fully understood and nothing is known about their adaptation a...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms12096312
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pterostilbene (PTE) is a natural sterbenoid contained in blueberries that has an antioxidant effect. In contrast, PTE also generates oxidative stress in cancer cells and provides an antitumor effect. Here, we examined the potential mechanism of this contrasting effect of PTE using three gastrointestinal cancer cell li...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21249347
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosinase (TYR) is a metalloenzyme classified as a type-3 copper protein, which is involved in the synthesis of melanin through a catalytic process beginning with the conversion of the amino acid l-Tyrosine (l-Tyr) to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). It plays an important role in the mechanism of melanogenesis ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21134783
更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::The (1)H-NMR shifts of the imidazolium protons of some novel dimeric ionic liquids were examined in various deuterated solvents. Interactions between the solvent and the imidazolium salt of butyl substituted ionic liquids were observed to give higher chemical shifts than methyl substitution. ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms9071207
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural killer (NK) cells play a significant and vital role in the first line of defense against infection through their ability to target cells without prior sensitization. They also contribute significantly to the activation and recruitment of both innate and adaptive immune cells through the production of a range o...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21228864
更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::Due to role of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) in protecting cells from oxidative stress, the development of small molecule inhibitors that inhibit this interaction has arisen as a viable approach to combat maladies caused by oxidative stress, such as cancers, neurodegenerative disease and diabetes. T...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20184445
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs are tiny but powerful regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Aberrant expression of oncogenic and tumor-suppressor microRNAs has been recognized as a common feature of human cancers. Colorectal cancer represents a major clinical challenge in the developed world and the design of inn...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21072423
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The Kv4 family of voltage-gated K⁺ channels underlie the fast transient (A-type) outward K⁺ current. Although A-type currents are critical to determine somato-dendritic integration in central neurons, relatively little is known about the precise subcellular localisation of the underlying channels in hippocampal circui...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20020246
更新日期:2019-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for tissue architecture and is a major effector of cell behavior during skin repair and inflammation. Macrophages are involved in all stages of skin repair but only limited knowledge exists about macrophage-specific expression and regulation of ECM components....
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20205086
更新日期:2019-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::The dried roots of Euphorbia kansui (kansui) have been used for centuries in China as a herbal medicine for edema, ascites, and asthma. The 95% ethanol extract showed a significant inhibition of cell proliferation against human normal cell lines L-O2 and GES-1. Bioassay-guided separation of the 95% ethanol extract fro...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms130911247
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, including adipokine imbalance and chronic inflammation, are involved in liver carcinogenesis. Chemerin, a novel adipokine, plays a critical role in adipogenesis, energy metabolism, and inflammation. We evaluated the impact of serum chemerin levels on liver functional reserves i...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms150711294
更新日期:2014-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an important chemotherapeutic agent for the systemic treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), but its effectiveness against CRC is limited by increased 5-FU resistance caused by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The purpose of our study was to assess the feasibility of using quinacrine (QC) to ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20184366
更新日期:2019-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Anthraquinones (AQs) and phenolic compounds are important phytochemicals that are biosynthesized in cell suspension cultures of Polygonum multiflorum. We wanted to optimize the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs), media, sucrose, l-glutamine, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) for the production of phyt...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17111912
更新日期:2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::The cytostatic agent hydroxyurea (HU) has proven to be beneficial for a variety of conditions in the disciplines of oncology, hematology, infectious disease and dermatology. It disrupts the S phase of the cell cycle by inhibiting the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, thus blocking the transformation of ribonucleotides ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19123986
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Frataxin is a highly conserved protein whose deficiency results in the neurodegenerative disease Friederich's ataxia. Frataxin's actual physiological function has been debated for a long time without reaching a general agreement; however, it is commonly accepted that the protein is involved in the biosynthetic iron-su...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21249619
更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA) is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS). Conventional enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is approved for MPS IVA. However, the fact that the infused enzyme cannot penetrate avascular lesions in cartilage leads to minimal impa...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20174139
更新日期:2019-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Despite recent progresses in its treatment, malignant cutaneous melanoma remains a cancer with very poor prognosis. Emerging evidences suggest that the receptor for advance glycation end products (RAGE) plays a key role in melanoma progression through its activation in both cancer and stromal cells. In tumors, RAGE ac...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21238989
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::This narrative review aims to summarize the current controversy on the balance between ethanol and phytochemicals in wine, focusing on light drinking and oral cancer. Extensive literature search included PUBMED and EMBASE databases to identify in human studies and systematic reviews (up to March 2015), which contribut...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms160817029
更新日期:2015-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structures in a novel cotton germplasm collection comprising 132 diploids, including Glossypium klotzschianum and allotetraploid cotton accessions, including Glossypium barbadense, Glossypium darwinii, Glossypium tomentosum, Glossypium ekmanianum, and Glossypiu...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19082401
更新日期:2018-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Tear stability decreases with increasing age and the same signs of instability are exacerbated with dry eye. Meibum lipid compositional changes with age provide insights into the biomolecules responsible for tear film instability. Meibum was collected from 69 normal donors ranging in age from 0.6 to 68 years of age. I...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18091862
更新日期:2017-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy, a self-defense mechanism, has been found to be associated with drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study was designed to investigate the role and related mechanisms of autophagy in matrine-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells of HepG2 and Bel7402. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytome...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms141223212
更新日期:2013-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::The eukaryotic and archaeal translation factor IF5A requires a post-translational hypusine modification, which is catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) at a single lysine residue of IF5A with NAD+ and spermidine as cofactors, followed by hydroxylation to form hypusine. While human DHS catalyzed reactions have been...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21155509
更新日期:2020-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::NRF2 (Nuclear factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2) signaling is impaired in Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive nervous system damage and degeneration of nerve fibers in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The loss of frataxin in patients results in iron sulfur cl...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20205211
更新日期:2019-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress (OS) status in subjects with different cardiovascular risk factors. With this in mind, we have studied three models of high cardiovascular risk: hypertension (HT) with and without metabolic syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and familial combined hy...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms12096146
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The normal cellular isoform of prion protein, designated PrPC, is constitutively converted to the abnormally folded, amyloidogenic isoform, PrPSc, in prion diseases, which include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in animals. PrPC is a membrane glycoprotein consisting...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21176233
更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::This study was performed to elucidate the molecular function of the synoviocyte proliferation-associated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) 1/serum amyloid A-like 1 (SPACIA1/SAAL1) in mice CIA, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and human RA-synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). SPACIA1/SAAL1-deficient mice were g...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19123828
更新日期:2018-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Findings from previous studies reporting the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been conflicting. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to examine the aggregate levels of serum BDNF in patients with ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3390/ijms20020257
更新日期:2019-01-10 00:00:00