Valley interference and spin exchange at the atomic scale in silicon.

Abstract:

:Tunneling is a fundamental quantum process with no classical equivalent, which can compete with Coulomb interactions to give rise to complex phenomena. Phosphorus dopants in silicon can be placed with atomic precision to address the different regimes arising from this competition. However, they exploit wavefunctions relying on crystal band symmetries, which tunneling interactions are inherently sensitive to. Here we directly image lattice-aperiodic valley interference between coupled atoms in silicon using scanning tunneling microscopy. Our atomistic analysis unveils the role of envelope anisotropy, valley interference and dopant placement on the Heisenberg spin exchange interaction. We find that the exchange can become immune to valley interference by engineering in-plane dopant placement along specific crystallographic directions. A vacuum-like behaviour is recovered, where the exchange is maximised to the overlap between the donor orbitals, and pair-to-pair variations limited to a factor of less than 10 considering the accuracy in dopant positioning. This robustness remains over a large range of distances, from the strongly Coulomb interacting regime relevant for high-fidelity quantum computation to strongly coupled donor arrays of interest for quantum simulation in silicon.

journal_name

Nat Commun

journal_title

Nature communications

authors

Voisin B,Bocquel J,Tankasala A,Usman M,Salfi J,Rahman R,Simmons MY,Hollenberg LCL,Rogge S

doi

10.1038/s41467-020-19835-1

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-11-30 00:00:00

pages

6124

issue

1

issn

2041-1723

pii

10.1038/s41467-020-19835-1

journal_volume

11

pub_type

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