JUUL e-liquid exposure elicits cytoplasmic Ca2+ responses and leads to cytotoxicity in cultured airway epithelial cells.

abstract：:Euphorbia milii (Euphorbiaceae) is a decorative plant used in gardens and living fences. In China, it has also been employed in herbal remedies for hepatitis and abdominal edema. Since E. milii latex--lyophilized or in natura--proved to be a potent plant molluscicide, its toxicity to non-target organisms has been comp...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Delgado IF,De-Carvalho RR,De-Oliveira AC,Kuriyama SN,Oliveira-Filho EC,Souza CA,Paumgartten FJ

更新日期：2003-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as antioxidant defense system were evaluated in CHO-K1 cells after beauvericin (BEA) exposure. The effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) pre-treatment was assessed. GSH levels significantly decrease 18% a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Mallebrera B,Font G,Ruiz MJ

更新日期：2014-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of inhaled volatile anesthetic gases in subanesthetic concentrations on circulating hormones essential for normal male reproduction. Male mature rats were exposed daily, up to 11 days, to halothane or enflurane in concentrations up to 500 and 1000 p...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Cameron AM,Dale O,Haug E,Nilsen OG

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are numerous observations of pharmaceuticals (or their metabolites) as contaminants in wastewater, surface water and groundwater. This implies a potential for indirect human exposure to pharmaceuticals via drinking water supplies. Various effect benchmarks may be employed in an evaluation of the significance of ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Webb S,Ternes T,Gibert M,Olejniczak K

更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:BH3 mimetics, such as BH3I-1, act as Bcl-2 antagonists, promote apoptosis and are used in basic research studies on apoptotic signaling and are currently tested as experimental anti-tumor agents. The present study addresses time- and dose-dependent responses of BH3I-1 on apoptosis, cellular stress defense mediated by ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Stucki D,Brenneisen P,Reichert AS,Stahl W

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,3-Dinitrobenzene (DNB) causes testicular injury, particularly to Sertoli cells, and induces apoptosis in the surrounding germinal cells in rodents; however, the mechanisms causing this toxicity are poorly understood. Our studies, using standard and molecular tools, were conducted to better understand the pathogenesi...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ludwig S,Tinwell H,Rouquié D,Schorsch F,Pallardy M,Bars R

更新日期：2012-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death involved in growth control of tissues. It is considered as a cellular suicide functionally opposite to mitosis. It may serve to remove "unwanted" damaged or dangerous, e.g. precancerous, cells. Chemical compounds can interfere with the regulatory network which controls apop...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Schulte-Hermann R,Bursch W,Kraupp-Grasl B,Oberhammer F,Wagner A

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzene is an occupational and environmental toxicant. The major health concern for humans is acute myelogenous leukemia. To exert its toxic effects, benzene must be metabolized by cytochrome P450 to phenol and subsequently to catechol and hydroquinone. Previous research has implicated CYP2E1 in the metabolism of phen...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Powley MW,Carlson GP

更新日期：2001-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:CYP2E1 metabolizes 1,3-butadiene (BD) into genotoxic and possibly carcinogenic 1,2-epoxy-3-butene (EB), 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), and 1,2-epoxy-3,4-butanediol (EB-diol). The dose response of DNA and protein adducts derived from BD metabolites increases linearly at low BD exposures and then saturates at higher expos...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pianalto KM,Hartman JH,Boysen G,Miller GP

更新日期：2013-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormonally active chemicals in the human diet, such as man-made estrogenic chemicals or plant-derived compounds (phytoestrogens), have become a matter of public concern. A significant part of human exposure to phytoestrogens is attributable to soy isoflavones. Besides their estrogenic properties, soy isoflavones also ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Di Virgilio AL,Iwami K,Wätjen W,Kahl R,Degen GH

更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorocarbons containing chlorine or bromine have been associated with stratospheric ozone depletion and the search for suitable alternatives is progressing at an accelerated pace. The Program for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity Testing (PAFT), an international group representing most of the world's CFC producers, h...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Trochimowicz HJ

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral endpoints offer special challenges to toxicology. One arises from the sometimes conflicting ways in which adverse effects may be expressed. For example, both increases and decreases in response rates of schedule-controlled performance may be produced by a specific agent, depending on the specific schedule. ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Weiss B

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible embryotoxic effects of cyclohexylamine hydrochloride doses (expressed as free base) of 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg of body weight per day administered orally in water to mice and rats from the 6th to 15th day post-coitum were investigated. Treatment with daily doses of up to 100 mg/kg of body weight to mice and ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lorke D,Machemer L

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A protective effect of preadministration of the metals Cu, Bi, Zn, Hg, Cd, Ni or Co, against lethal toxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (Cisplatin; CDDP) was observed in mice. However, the protective effect seems not always to correlate with metallothionein (MT) levels in the liver and kidney of mice treated with...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Naganuma A,Satoh M,Koyama Y,Imura N

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed per os for 4 consecutive days with 0.0, 0.2, 2.0 or 4.0 mg cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)/kg body weight/day, and killed on the fifth day. Sections of liver were prepared for electron microscopic examination. Dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed in all hepatocyt...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hinton DM,Morrissey RE,Norred WP,Cole RJ,Dorner J

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage-activated sodium channels and GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex are among the most important target sites of various environmental neurotoxicants. Pyrethroids keep the sodium channels open for prolonged periods of time leading to hyperexcitation of the entire nervous system. In rat cerebellar Purkinje ne...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Narahashi T,Carter DB,Frey J,Ginsburg K,Hamilton BJ,Nagata K,Roy ML,Song JH,Tatebayashi H

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of lead exposure on dopaminergic mechanisms regulating prolactin (PRL) secretion was studied in rats by measuring dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid hypothalamic concentrations and DA receptor density in the hypothalamus and pituitary of lead-exposed animals. [3H]Sulpiride was used as dopamine rec...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Govoni S,Lucchi L,Battaini F,Spano PF,Trabucchi M

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) derivatization method mainly used for the determination of airborne formaldehyde was extended for acetaldehyde, acetone, 2-butanone, and cyclohexanone, the next four carbonyl compounds of industrial importance. Sampling devices and sampling conditions were adjusted for the res...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Binding N,Schilder K,Czeschinski PA,Witting U

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aminoglycoside antibiotics play an integral role in antimicrobial chemotherapy. Unfortunately, these drugs are known to cause nephrotoxicity in man and experimental animals. In fact, the incidence of renal dysfunction during the course of clinical treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics is approximately 10%. Over th...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kacew S,Bergeron MG

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated urinary trehalase activity was observed in the inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin. Urinary trehalase activity was correlated with other urinalysis components, such as beta 2-microglobulin, glucose, amino nitrogen, and cadmium, of which a high level was observed in cadmium-polluted areas as compared with the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nakano M,Aoshima K,Katoh T,Teranishi H,Kasuya M

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of sublethal concentration (0.8 of LC50 96 h) of nickel sulphate (NiSO4 X 7H2O) on muscle glycogen and blood lactic acid levels of a freshwater teleost, Colisa fasciatus, at time intervals from 3-96 h have been recorded. Muscle glycogen levels showed a general decrease at all time intervals compared with contr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chaudhry HS

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acrylonitrile (AN) showed spectral interaction with hepatic microsomes from mouse, rat and man. Whereas human and rat liver microsomes resulted in ligand AN-binding spectra, mouse liver microsomes behaved differently. Hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital-treated mice with AN showed a type I substrate binding; ligand ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Appel KE,Peter H,Bolt M,Bolt HM

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two groups, each of 4 rabbits, 17 and 4 months old, respectively, were given s.c. administrations of cadmium (Cd) at a dose level of 0.5 mg/kg/day 6 times per week for up to 32 weeks. In 17-month-old rabbits, low-molecular-weight proteinuria appeared in the 3rd week, proteinuria, glycosuria and anemia in the 6th week;...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nomiyama K,Nomiyama H,Yotoriyama M

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a group of protein-modifying and nucleotide-polymerizing enzymes able to catalyze the transfer of multiple ADP-ribose units from NAD to substrate proteins. In the human genome, 16 different genes encoding for members of this emerging family of enzymes have been identified. Know...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Meli E,Pangallo M,Baronti R,Chiarugi A,Cozzi A,Pellegrini-Giampietro DE,Moroni F

更新日期：2003-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral administration of a single dose of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL, 80 mg/kg body wt.), 2 or 24 h after treatment, caused no significant change in the levels of diacylglycerol and phosphoinositides in rat cerebrum (forebrain), whereas daily administration of DBTL (40 or 80 mg/kg body wt.) for 3 days (24 h after the fi...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Subramoniam A,Husain R,Seth PK

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The modern environmental awareness leads to the realisation that the human metabolism is stressed by a huge number of chemical substances. Generally, these background exposures, consisting predominantly from natural and partly from industrial as well as life style sources, are tolerated without any adverse effects. Pe...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lewalter J,Leng G

更新日期：1999-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) both require dimerization with AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) to initiate transcription of their respective target genes. It has been proposed that competition for ARNT results in decreased targeting of AhR to cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Allen JW,Johnson RS,Bhatia SN

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible role of acetylcholine receptors on the HgCl(2)-induced dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum was investigated by using in vivo brain microdialysis technique after administration of selective nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine and atropine, respectively. Intrastriatal infusion of...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Vidal L,Durán R,Faro LR,Alfonso M

更新日期：2008-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were analyzed from peripheral lymphocyte cultures of 8 men and 16 women who had been exposed to environmental cadmium (Cd), and 6 controls. Average Cd concentrations in blood of the Cd-polluted group were 8.9 micrograms/l for men and 10.0 micrograms/l for women. These were no signific...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nogawa K,Tsuritani I,Yamada Y,Kido T,Honda R,Ishizaki M,Kurihara T

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prenatal stress is known to affect the development of the brain, and exaggerate the developmental toxicity of chemicals. Many studies of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) use pregnant rodents mated at the supplier, which consequently suffer from the stress of shipping and of environmental changes. Here, we demonstrate...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ogawa T,Kuwagata M,Hori Y,Shioda S

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00