Machine-learning iterative calculation of entropy for physical systems.

abstract：:Different polyubiquitin chain linkages direct substrates toward distinct cellular pathways. K63-linked ubiquitylation is known to regulate proteasome-independent events such as signal transduction, but its function in the context of heterogeneous ubiquitin chains remains unclear. Here, we report that K63 ubiquitylatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohtake F,Tsuchiya H,Saeki Y,Tanaka K

更新日期：2018-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and lethal genetic muscle disorder, caused by recessive mutations in the dystrophin gene. One of every 3,500 males suffers from DMD, yet no treatment is currently available. Genetic therapeutic approaches, using primarily myoblast transplantation and adenovirus-medi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang B,Li J,Xiao X

更新日期：2000-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We present an adaptation of the hydroxyl radical DNA "footprinting" technique that permits high-resolution mapping of protected regions of RNA. Hydroxyl radical cleaves RNA independently of base sequence and secondary structure of the RNAs examined and allows resolution of protected regions at the single nucleotide le...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang XD,Padgett RA

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B-1a cells reside in both the peritoneal cavity and the spleen. LPS stimulates splenic B-1a to differentiate to plasma cells producing natural IgM specific for microbial and self antigens. However, there are conflicting views as to whether the B-1a cells divide before this differentiation occurs, and hence how the res...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang Y,Tung JW,Ghosn EE,Herzenberg LA,Herzenberg LA

更新日期：2007-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a conserved meiotic structure that regulates the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) into crossovers or gene conversions. The removal of any central-region SC component, such as the Drosophila melanogaster transverse filament protein C(3)G, causes a complete loss of SC structure and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Billmyre KK,Cahoon CK,Heenan GM,Wesley ER,Yu Z,Unruh JR,Takeo S,Hawley RS

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the pathogenic processes contributing to dopaminergic neuron (DN) death in Parkinson disease (PD), evidence points to non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, particularly chronic inflammation mounted by activated microglia. Yet little is known about endogenous regulatory processes that determine microglial actions in pa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ros-Bernal F,Hunot S,Herrero MT,Parnadeau S,Corvol JC,Lu L,Alvarez-Fischer D,Carrillo-de Sauvage MA,Saurini F,Coussieu C,Kinugawa K,Prigent A,Höglinger G,Hamon M,Tronche F,Hirsch EC,Vyas S

更新日期：2011-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein synthesis in all living organisms occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles, called ribosomes. Despite the universality of this process, eukaryotic ribosomes are significantly larger in size than their bacterial counterparts due in part to the presence of 80 r proteins rather than 54 in bacteria. Using cryoelectro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Armache JP,Jarasch A,Anger AM,Villa E,Becker T,Bhushan S,Jossinet F,Habeck M,Dindar G,Franckenberg S,Marquez V,Mielke T,Thomm M,Berninghausen O,Beatrix B,Söding J,Westhof E,Wilson DN,Beckmann R

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A discrepancy of about 20% exists between the molecular weight of the alpha subunit of Torpedo californica electroplax acetylcholine receptor as determined by gel electrophoresis of the mature protein (Mr 40,000 +/- 2000) and by nucleotide sequence analysis of cDNA (Mr approximately equal to 50,000). We demonstrate by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Conti-Tronconi BM,Hunkapiller MW,Raftery MA

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The glycine receptor (GlyR) is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) mediating inhibitory transmission in the nervous system. Its transmembrane domain (TMD) is the target of allosteric modulators such as general anesthetics and ethanol and is a major locus for hyperekplexic congenital mutations altering the al...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moraga-Cid G,Sauguet L,Huon C,Malherbe L,Girard-Blanc C,Petres S,Murail S,Taly A,Baaden M,Delarue M,Corringer PJ

更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In normal adult rats anesthetized with urethane, intravenous injections of beta-endorphin (30--150 micrograms kg-1) induced a transient fall of blood pressure followed by a small hypertension and a prolonged hypotension. Prior administration of naloxone completely blocked these effects, whereas naloxone, given 1 hr af...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lemaire I,Tseng R,Lemaire S

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:3.L2 T cell receptor transgenic T cells are activated by the 64-76 peptide of the mouse hemoglobin d beta chain [Hb(64-76)], and their response is antagonized by the position 72 alanine substitution of this peptide (A72). To test the effect of this altered peptide ligand (APL) on 3.L2 T cell function in vivo, a transg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Basu D,Williams CB,Allen PM

更新日期：1998-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptotic cells contain nuclear autoantigens that may initiate a systemic autoimmune response. To explore the mechanism of antibody binding to apoptotic cells, 3H9, a murine autoantibody with dual specificity for phospholipids and DNA, was used. H chain mutants of 3H9 were constructed, expressed as single-chain Fv (sc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cocca BA,Seal SN,D'Agnillo P,Mueller YM,Katsikis PD,Rauch J,Weigert M,Radic MZ

更新日期：2001-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry was used to follow the time course of disulfide bond formation during in vitro refolding of recombinant human macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. The content of iodoacetamide-alkylated half-cystines in proteolytic peptides of trapped refolding intermediates collected at 0, 6, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Glocker MO,Arbogast B,Milley R,Cowgill C,Deinzer ML

更新日期：1994-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously linked aging, carcinogenesis, and de novo methylation within the promoter of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene in human colon. We now examine the dynamics of this process for the imprinted gene for insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2). In young individuals, the P2-4 promoters of IGF2 are methylated ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Issa JP,Vertino PM,Boehm CD,Newsham IF,Baylin SB

更新日期：1996-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca(2+) influx triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Here we demonstrate a role of Ras-related in brain 3 (Rab3)-interacting molecules 2α and β (RIM2α and RIM2β) in clustering voltage-gated CaV1.3 Ca(2+) channels at the AZs of sensory inner hair cells (IHCs). We show that IHCs of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jung S,Oshima-Takago T,Chakrabarti R,Wong AB,Jing Z,Yamanbaeva G,Picher MM,Wojcik SM,Göttfert F,Predoehl F,Michel K,Hell SW,Schoch S,Strenzke N,Wichmann C,Moser T

更新日期：2015-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a critical role in the maintenance of the outer retina. RPE cell death or dysfunction drives the pathophysiology of many retinal diseases, but the physiological response of the retina to RPE cell loss is poorly understood, mainly because of the absence of suitable experimenta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Longbottom R,Fruttiger M,Douglas RH,Martinez-Barbera JP,Greenwood J,Moss SE

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), are of great importance for plant growth and development. BRs signal through a cell surface receptor kinase, BRI1, and a GSK3-like kinase, BIN2, to regulate the BES1/BZR1 family of transcription factors, which directly bind to target gene promoters to activate or repress...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu X,Li L,Li L,Guo M,Chory J,Yin Y

更新日期：2008-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Optogenetic methods have been highly effective for suppressing neural activity and modulating behavior in rodents, but effects have been much smaller in primates, which have much larger brains. Here, we present a suite of technologies to use optogenetics effectively in primates and apply these tools to a classic quest...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Acker L,Pino EN,Boyden ES,Desimone R

更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct cell-cell communication is crucial for many processes in biology, particularly embryogenesis, interactions between hematopoetic cells, and in the nervous system. This communication is often mediated by the binding of receptors to cognate ligands at a cell-cell junction. One such interaction that is very importa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qi S,Krogsgaard M,Davis MM,Chakraborty AK

更新日期：2006-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Superhard metals are of interest as possible replacements with enhanced properties over the metal carbides commonly used in cutting, drilling, and wear-resistant tooling. Of the superhard metals, the highest boride of tungsten--often referred to as WB4 and sometimes as W(1-x)B3--is one of the most promising candidates...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lech AT,Turner CL,Mohammadi R,Tolbert SH,Kaner RB

更新日期：2015-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Blue mold of tobacco is caused by the fungus Peronospora tabacina. Its spores are released in the morning when the relative humidity falls, but they require free water for germination. Traditionally, the walls of the shade tents are raised to control the pathogen by drying leaves. We show that raising the walls does n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aylor DE,Taylor GS

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Employing a cell-free chromatin transcription system that recapitulates progesterone receptor (PR)-mediated transcription in vivo, we have investigated further the coactivator functions of steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) in terms of its functional domains as well as cooperation with other coactivators in PR tra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Z,Wong J,Tsai SY,Tsai MJ,O'Malley BW

更新日期：2001-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:During sustained viewing of an ambiguous stimulus, an individual's perceptual experience will generally switch between the different possible alternatives rather than stay fixed on one interpretation (perceptual rivalry). Here, we measured pupil diameter while subjects viewed different ambiguous visual and auditory st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Einhäuser W,Stout J,Koch C,Carter O

更新日期：2008-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Many of the world's around 6,000 languages are in danger of disappearing as people give up use of a minority language in favor of the majority language in a process called language shift. Language shift can be monitored on a large scale through the use of mathematical models by way of differential equations, for examp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Prochazka K,Vogl G

更新日期：2017-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction between mutations in the tumor-suppressor genes Apc and p53 was studied in congenic mouse strains to minimize the influence of polymorphic modifiers. The multiplicity and invasiveness of intestinal adenomas of Apc(Min/+) (Min) mice was enhanced by deficiency for p53. In addition, the occurrence of desm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Halberg RB,Katzung DS,Hoff PD,Moser AR,Cole CE,Lubet RA,Donehower LA,Jacoby RF,Dove WF

更新日期：2000-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The circadian clock is based on a transcriptional feedback loop with an essential time delay before feedback inhibition. Previous work has shown that PERIOD (PER) proteins generate circadian time cues through rhythmic nuclear accumulation of the inhibitor complex and subsequent interaction with the activator complex i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beesley S,Kim DW,D'Alessandro M,Jin Y,Lee K,Joo H,Young Y,Tomko RJ Jr,Faulkner J,Gamsby J,Kim JK,Lee C

更新日期：2020-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The conserved two-component regulatory system GacS/GacA determines the expression of extracellular products and virulence factors in a variety of Gram-negative bacteria. In the biocontrol strain CHA0 of Pseudomonas fluorescens, the response regulator GacA is essential for the synthesis of extracellular protease (AprA)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blumer C,Heeb S,Pessi G,Haas D

更新日期：1999-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were exposed to various thiol-directed spin labels, and the position of the label on the inner or outer vesicle surface was investigated as a function of the ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase; ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) chemical state. Previous measurements of label accessibility t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Champeil P,Rigaud JL,Gary-Bobo CM

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leaflets of Samanea saman open and close rhythmically, driven by an endogenous circadian clock. Light has a rapid, direct effect on the movements and also rephases the rhythm. We investigated whether light signals might be mediated by increased inositolphospholipid turnover, a mechanism for signal transduction that is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morse MJ,Crain RC,Satter RL

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1) hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond at a DNA 3'-end linked to a tyrosyl moiety and has been implicated in the repair of topoisomerase I (Top1)-DNA covalent complexes. TDP1 can also hydrolyze other 3'-end DNA alterations including 3'-phosphoglycolate and 3'-abasic sites, and ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Das BB,Dexheimer TS,Maddali K,Pommier Y

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00