Tension heterogeneity directs form and fate to pattern the myocardial wall.

abstract：:The four R-spondin secreted ligands (RSPO1-RSPO4) act via their cognate LGR4, LGR5 and LGR6 receptors to amplify WNT signalling1-3. Here we report an allelic series of recessive RSPO2 mutations in humans that cause tetra-amelia syndrome, which is characterized by lung aplasia and a total absence of the four limbs. Fun...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Szenker-Ravi E,Altunoglu U,Leushacke M,Bosso-Lefèvre C,Khatoo M,Thi Tran H,Naert T,Noelanders R,Hajamohideen A,Beneteau C,de Sousa SB,Karaman B,Latypova X,Başaran S,Yücel EB,Tan TT,Vlaminck L,Nayak SS,Shukla A,Giris

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The factors determining disease severity in malaria are complex and include host polymorphisms, acquired immunity and parasite virulence. Studies in Africa have shown that severe malaria is associated with the ability of erythrocytes infected with the parasite Plasmodium falciparum to bind uninfected erythrocytes and ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rowe JA,Moulds JM,Newbold CI,Miller LH

更新日期：1997-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbes comprise the majority of extant organisms, yet much remains to be learned about the nature and driving forces of microbial diversification. Our understanding of how microorganisms adapt and evolve can be advanced by genome-wide documentation of the patterns of genetic exchange, particularly if analyses target...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lo I,Denef VJ,Verberkmoes NC,Shah MB,Goltsman D,DiBartolo G,Tyson GW,Allen EE,Ram RJ,Detter JC,Richardson P,Thelen MP,Hettich RL,Banfield JF

更新日期：2007-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The complete knowledge of a quantum state allows the prediction of the probability of all possible measurement outcomes, a crucial step in quantum mechanics. It can be provided by tomographic methods which have been applied to atomic, molecular, spin and photonic states. For optical or microwave photons, standard tomo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jullien T,Roulleau P,Roche B,Cavanna A,Jin Y,Glattli DC

更新日期：2014-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV has advanced from high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users to some in the general population, according to comprehensive new data from the south of China. What needs to be done to halt its spread? ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lu L,Jia M,Ma Y,Yang L,Chen Z,Ho DD,Jiang Y,Zhang L

更新日期：2008-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Historical ecologists working in the Neotropics argue that the present natural environment is an historical product of human intentionality and ingenuity, a creation that is imposed, built, managed and maintained by the collective multigenerational knowledge and experience of Native Americans. In the past 12,000 years...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Erickson CL

更新日期：2000-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells deficient in the Brca1 and Brca2 genes have reduced capacity to repair DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination and consequently are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents, including cisplatin and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Here we show that loss of the MLL3/4 complex protein, PTIP...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ray Chaudhuri A,Callen E,Ding X,Gogola E,Duarte AA,Lee JE,Wong N,Lafarga V,Calvo JA,Panzarino NJ,John S,Day A,Crespo AV,Shen B,Starnes LM,de Ruiter JR,Daniel JA,Konstantinopoulos PA,Cortez D,Cantor SB,Fernandez-Ca

更新日期：2016-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleation of aerosol particles from trace atmospheric vapours is thought to provide up to half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Aerosols can cause a net cooling of climate by scattering sunlight and by leading to smaller but more numerous cloud droplets, which makes clouds brighter and extends their lifetimes. At...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Almeida J,Schobesberger S,Kürten A,Ortega IK,Kupiainen-Määttä O,Praplan AP,Adamov A,Amorim A,Bianchi F,Breitenlechner M,David A,Dommen J,Donahue NM,Downard A,Dunne E,Duplissy J,Ehrhart S,Flagan RC,Franchin A,Guida R

更新日期：2013-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is initiated by the binding of its extracellular envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the CD4 antigen on target cells. To map the residues of the HIV-1 glycoprotein that are critical for binding and to analyse the effects of binding on viral infectivity, we created 15 mu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cordonnier A,Montagnier L,Emerman M

更新日期：1989-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The interrelationships between major living vertebrate, and even chordate, groups are now reasonably well resolved thanks to a large amount of generally congruent data derived from molecular sequences, anatomy and physiology. But fossils provide unexpected combinations of characters that help us to understand how the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Janvier P

更新日期：2015-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The central nervous system (CNS) requires a tightly controlled environment free of toxins and pathogens to provide the proper chemical composition for neural function. This environment is maintained by the 'blood-brain barrier' (BBB), which is composed of blood vessels whose endothelial cells display specialized tight...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ben-Zvi A,Lacoste B,Kur E,Andreone BJ,Mayshar Y,Yan H,Gu C

更新日期：2014-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecules capable of mimicking the function of a wide range of mechanical devices have been fabricated, with motors that can induce mechanical movement attracting particular attention. Such molecular motors convert light or chemical energy into directional rotary or linear motion, and are usually prepared and operated...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van Delden RA,ter Wiel MK,Pollard MM,Vicario J,Koumura N,Feringa BL

更新日期：2005-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals learn that a tone can predict the occurrence of an electric shock through classical conditioning. Mice or rats trained in this manner display fear responses, such as freezing behaviour, when they hear the conditioned tone. Studies using amygdalectomized rats have shown that the amygdala is required for both th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Garcia R,Vouimba RM,Baudry M,Thompson RF

更新日期：1999-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to repair or promote regeneration within the adult human brain has been envisioned for decades. Until recently, such efforts mainly involved delivery of growth factors and cell transplants designed to rescue or replace a specific population of neurons, and the results have largely been disappointing. New a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Barker RA,Götz M,Parmar M

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is necessary to prevent chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract1-4. The protective effects of IL-2 involve the generation, maintenance and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells4-8, and the use of low doses of IL-2 has emerged as a potential therapeutic strat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhou L,Chu C,Teng F,Bessman NJ,Goc J,Santosa EK,Putzel GG,Kabata H,Kelsen JR,Baldassano RN,Shah MA,Sockolow RE,Vivier E,Eberl G,Smith KA,Sonnenberg GF

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The age of dense interstellar cloud cores, where stars and planets form, is a crucial parameter in star formation and difficult to measure. Some models predict rapid collapse, whereas others predict timescales of more than one million years (ref. 3). One possible approach to determining the age is through chemical cha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brünken S,Sipilä O,Chambers ET,Harju J,Caselli P,Asvany O,Honingh CE,Kamiński T,Menten KM,Stutzki J,Schlemmer S

更新日期：2014-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The angle between the spin of a star and the orbital planes of its planets traces the history of the planetary system. Exoplanets orbiting close to cool stars are expected to be on circular, aligned orbits because of strong tidal interactions with the stellar convective envelope. Spin-orbit alignment can be measured w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bourrier V,Lovis C,Beust H,Ehrenreich D,Henry GW,Astudillo-Defru N,Allart R,Bonfils X,Ségransan D,Delfosse X,Cegla HM,Wyttenbach A,Heng K,Lavie B,Pepe F

更新日期：2018-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Sounds heard over headphones are typically perceived inside the head (internalized), unlike real sound sources which are perceived outside the head (externalized). If the acoustical waveforms from a real sound source are reproduced precisely using headphones, auditory images are appropriately externalized and localize...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kulkarni A,Colburn HS

更新日期：1998-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T-cell receptors for antigen and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants have now been defined on inducer, suppressor, and class 1 and class 2 MHC-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes as T3-associated clonotypic molecules (Ti) of relative molecular mass 90,000 (90K) composed of one 49-54K alpha- and one ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fabbi M,Acuto O,Smart JE,Reinherz EL

更新日期：1984-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Aberrant regulation of RNA stability has an important role in many disease states. Deregulated post-transcriptional modulation, such as that governed by microRNAs targeting linear sequence elements in messenger RNAs, has been implicated in the progression of many cancer types. A defining feature of RNA is its ability ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goodarzi H,Zhang S,Buss CG,Fish L,Tavazoie S,Tavazoie SF

更新日期：2014-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The quantum-level interplay between geometry, topology and correlation is at the forefront of fundamental physics1-15. Kagome magnets are predicted to support intrinsic Chern quantum phases owing to their unusual lattice geometry and breaking of time-reversal symmetry14,15. However, quantum materials hosting ideal spi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yin JX,Ma W,Cochran TA,Xu X,Zhang SS,Tien HJ,Shumiya N,Cheng G,Jiang K,Lian B,Song Z,Chang G,Belopolski I,Multer D,Litskevich M,Cheng ZJ,Yang XP,Swidler B,Zhou H,Lin H,Neupert T,Wang Z,Yao N,Chang TR,Jia S

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many-body systems in nature exhibit complexity and self-organization arising from seemingly simple laws. For example, the long-range Coulomb interaction between electrical charges has a simple form, yet is responsible for a plethora of bound states in matter, ranging from the hydrogen atom to complex biochemical struc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kaindl RA,Carnahan MA,Hägele D,Lövenich R,Chemla DS

更新日期：2003-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:For more than four decades, transistors have been shrinking exponentially in size, and therefore the number of transistors in a single microelectronic chip has been increasing exponentially. Such an increase in packing density was made possible by continually shrinking the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ferain I,Colinge CA,Colinge JP

更新日期：2011-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The alpha beta T-cell receptors (TCRs) react with complex ligands composed of peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. In the absence of foreign antigens the peptides bound to MHC molecules come from the proteins of the host itself. Interactions between TCRs and these self-peptide-MHC ligands...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kozono H,White J,Clements J,Marrack P,Kappler J

更新日期：1994-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The snowball Earth hypothesis postulates that the planet was entirely covered by ice for millions of years in the Neoproterozoic era, in a self-enhanced glaciation caused by the high albedo of the ice-covered planet. In a hard-snowball picture, the subsequent rapid unfreezing resulted from an ultra-greenhouse event at...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sansjofre P,Ader M,Trindade RI,Elie M,Lyons J,Cartigny P,Nogueira AC

更新日期：2011-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work has defined a class of transcriptional activators, members of which activate transcription in yeast, plant, insect and mammalian cells. These proteins contain two parts: one directs DNA binding and the other, called the activating region, presumably interacts with some component of the transcriptional mach...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sadowski I,Ma J,Triezenberg S,Ptashne M

更新日期：1988-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Protonic ceramic fuel cells, like their higher-temperature solid-oxide fuel cell counterparts, can directly use both hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels to produce electricity at potentially more than 50 per cent efficiency1,2. Most previous direct-hydrocarbon fuel cell research has focused on solid-oxide fuel cells based ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Duan C,Kee RJ,Zhu H,Karakaya C,Chen Y,Ricote S,Jarry A,Crumlin EJ,Hook D,Braun R,Sullivan NP,O'Hayre R

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The subsidence history of the Bahamian Platform points to a non-uniform rate of sea-floor spreading since the beginning of the Cretaceous. Lower Cretaceous rates of perhaps 5 cm/yr led to an active trench system at the boundary between the American and Caribbean lithosphere plates, and the rapid subsidence of the cont...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lynts GW

更新日期：1970-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the >100 tim...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nystedt B,Street NR,Wetterbom A,Zuccolo A,Lin YC,Scofield DG,Vezzi F,Delhomme N,Giacomello S,Alexeyenko A,Vicedomini R,Sahlin K,Sherwood E,Elfstrand M,Gramzow L,Holmberg K,Hällman J,Keech O,Klasson L,Koriabine M,K

更新日期：2013-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Phase-dependent forms of microscopy (such as phase contrast, interference, or polarization microscopy) have been used for many years; the amount of phase retardation produces images based mainly on index of refraction. We have developed a microscope that forms images that depend on small differences in extinction for ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mickols W,Maestre MF,Tinoco I Jr

更新日期：1987-07-30 00:00:00