Abstract:
:Our lower gastrointestinal tract plays host to a vast consortium of microbes, known as the human gut microbiota (HGM). The HGM thrives on a complex and diverse range of glycan structures from both dietary and host sources, the breakdown of which requires the concerted action of cohorts of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), carbohydrate-binding proteins, and transporters. The glycan utilization profile of individual taxa, whether 'specialist' or 'generalist', is dictated by the number and functional diversity of these glycan utilization systems. Furthermore, taxa in the HGM may either compete or cooperate in glycan deconstruction, thereby creating a complex ecological web spanning diverse nutrient niches. As a result, our diet plays a central role in shaping the composition of the HGM. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of glycan utilization by the HGM on three levels: (i) molecular mechanisms of individual glycan deconstruction and uptake by key bacteria, (ii) glycan-mediated microbial interactions, and (iii) community-scale effects of dietary changes. Despite significant recent advancements, there remains much to be discovered regarding complex glycan metabolism in the HGM and its potential to affect positive health outcomes.
journal_name
Environ Microbioljournal_title
Environmental microbiologyauthors
Briggs JA,Grondin JM,Brumer Hdoi
10.1111/1462-2920.15317subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-01 00:00:00pages
15-35issue
1eissn
1462-2912issn
1462-2920journal_volume
23pub_type
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journal_title:Environmental microbiology
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doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13684
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doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14902
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doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13335
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更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
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