Plasmodium translocon component EXP2 facilitates hepatocyte invasion.

Abstract:

:Plasmodium parasites possess a translocon that exports parasite proteins into the infected erythrocyte. Although the translocon components are also expressed during the mosquito and liver stage of infection, their function remains unexplored. Here, using a combination of genetic and chemical assays, we show that the translocon component Exported Protein 2 (EXP2) is critical for invasion of hepatocytes. EXP2 is a pore-forming protein that is secreted from the sporozoite upon contact with the host cell milieu. EXP2-deficient sporozoites are impaired in invasion, which can be rescued by the exogenous administration of recombinant EXP2 and alpha-hemolysin (an S. aureus pore-forming protein), as well as by acid sphingomyelinase. The latter, together with the negative impact of chemical and genetic inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase on invasion, reveals that EXP2 pore-forming activity induces hepatocyte membrane repair, which plays a key role in parasite invasion. Overall, our findings establish a novel and critical function for EXP2 that leads to an active participation of the host cell in Plasmodium sporozoite invasion, challenging the current view of the establishment of liver stage infection.

journal_name

Nat Commun

journal_title

Nature communications

authors

Mello-Vieira J,Enguita FJ,de Koning-Ward TF,Zuzarte-Luís V,Mota MM

doi

10.1038/s41467-020-19492-4

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-11-06 00:00:00

pages

5654

issue

1

issn

2041-1723

pii

10.1038/s41467-020-19492-4

journal_volume

11

pub_type

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