Abstract：
:The COVID-19 pandemic poses an imminent threat to humanity, especially to the elderly. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the age-dependent disparity for disease progression is not clear. COVID-19 is both a respiratory and a vascular disease in severe patients. The damage endothelial system provides a good explanation for the various complications seen in COVID-19 patients. These observations lead us to suspect that endothelial cells are a barrier that must be breached before progression to severe disease. Endothelial intracellular defences are largely dependent of the activation of the interferon (IFN) system. Nevertheless, low type I and III IFNs are generally observed in COVID-19 patients suggesting that other intracellular viral defence systems are also activated to protect the young. Intriguingly, Nitric oxide (NO), which is the main intracellular antiviral defence, has been shown to inhibit a wide array of viruses, including SARS-CoV-1. Additionally, the increased risk of death with diseases that have underlying endothelial dysfunction suggest that endothelial NOS-derived nitric oxide could be the main defence mechanism. NO decreases dramatically in the elderly, the hyperglycaemic and the patients with low levels of vitamin D. However, eNOS derived NO occurs at low levels, unless it is during inflammation and co-stimulated by bradykinin. Regrettably, the bradykinin-induced vasodilation also progressively declines with age, thereby decreasing anti-viral NO production as well. Intriguingly, the inverse correlation between the percentage of WT eNOS haplotype and death per 100K population could potentially explain the disparity of COVID-19 mortality between Asian and non-Asian countries. These changes with age, low bradykinin and NO, may be the fundamental reasons that intracellular innate immunity declines with age leading to more severe COVID-19 complications.
journal_name
Ageing Res Revjournal_title
Ageing research reviewsauthors
Guan SP,Seet RCS,Kennedy BKdoi
10.1016/j.arr.2020.101201subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
101201eissn
1568-1637issn
1872-9649pii
S1568-1637(20)30336-6journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Aging impairs blood vessel function and leads to cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying the age-related endothelial, smooth muscle and extracellular matrix vascular dysfunction are discussed. Vascular dysfunction is caused by: (1) Oxidative stress enhancement. (2) Reduction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailabil...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.001
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by extracellular amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, inflammation and extensive oxidative stress. Polyphenols, which include resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin, have gained considerable interest for their ability to reduce these hallmarks ...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2013.06.003
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease with clinical characteristics of memory loss, dementia and cognitive impairment. Although the pathophysiologic mechanism is not fully understood, inflammation has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. ...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.007
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and, despite the tremendous efforts researchers have put into AD research, there are no effective options for prevention and treatment of the disease. The best way to reach this goal is to clarify the mechanisms involved in the onset and progr...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2019.100966
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Aging is an important contributor to olfactory system deterioration in humans, leading to increased health and safety risks as well as affecting the quality of life. However, it is currently unknown when age-related olfactory deterioration begins in humans and thus when to initiate interventions to prevent o...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2017.08.004
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ageing is accompanied by increasing vulnerability to major pathologies (atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and osteoporosis) which can have similar underlying pathoetiologies. All of these diseases involve oxidative stress, inflammation and/or cell death processes, which ...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2014.09.006
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A-T is a prototype genome instability syndrome and a multifaceted disease. A-T leads to neurodegeneration - primarily cerebellar atrophy, immunodeficiency, oculocutaneous telangiectasia (dilated blood vessels), vestigial thymus and gonads, endocrine abnormalities, cancer predisposition and varying sensitivity to DNA d...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cognitive neuroscience of aging is a growing and stimulating research area. The development of neuroimaging techniques in the past two decades has considerably increased our understanding of the brain mechanisms that might underlie cognitive performance and resulting changes due to normal aging. Beside traditional...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.003
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by a deficiency in specific behavioural and/or cognitive domains, pointing to selective vulnerabilities of specific neurons from different brain regions. These vulnerabilities can be compared across neuron subgroups to identify the most vulnerable neuronal types, regions, and time p...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2020.101114
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging is a physiological process that involves a multi-factorial set of deleterious changes. These alterations are caused by an exponential increase in damage to macromolecules. This process is likely due to the cumulative effects of oxidative stress over time. One area of ongoing research in gerontology has focused o...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2006.03.006
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aging of the human adrenal cortex presents several problems of interest to the cell biologist, as the interplay of changes in growth, differentiation, apoptosis and cellular senescence affect the properties of the tissue over the life span. The human adrenal cortex also presents an interesting case of tumor progre...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1568-1637(01)00007-1
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wnt signaling is a highly conserved pathway that participates in multiple aspects of cellular function during development and in adults. In particular, this pathway has been implicated in cell fate determination, proliferation and cell polarity establishment. In the brain, it contributes to synapse formation, axonal r...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2017.06.001
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malnutrition plays a role in the development of poor physical performance, frailty and sarcopenia. The use of nutritional supplementations for improving physical performance and muscle strength parameters in older people is unclear. We therefore aimed to summarize the effect of nutritional supplementations compared to...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.005
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide array of cell signaling mediators and their interactions play vital roles in neuroinflammation associated with ischemia, brain trauma, developmental disorders and age-related neurodegeneration. Along with neurons, microglia and astrocytes are also affected by the inflammatory cascade by releasing pro-inflammato...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2017.02.004
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A literature search was carried out to review the influence of 'ageing' on pharmacotherapeutic decision-making, specifically how 'age' is defined and considered in the utilisation of medication. Embase, Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Google scholar were canvassed in a three-tiered search accordin...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.006
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are at the heart of the aging process and are thought to underpin age-related diseases. Mitochondria are not only the primary energy-generating system but also the dominant cellular source of metabolically derived ROS. Recent studies unravel the ex...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2009.09.006
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antioxidants were long predicted to have lifespan-promoting effects, but in general this prediction has not been well supported. While some antioxidants do seem to have a clear effect on longevity, this may not be primarily as a result of their role in the removal of reactive oxygen species, but rather mediated by oth...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2018.03.005
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging is a paradox of reduced immunity and chronic inflammation. Dendritic cells are central orchestrators of the immune response with a key role in the generation of immunity and maintenance of tolerance. The functions of DCs are compromised with age. There is no major effect on the numbers and phenotype of DC subset...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2010.06.004
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The global population is aging, leading to an increasing burden of age-related neurodegenerative disease. Efforts to intervene against age-related dementias in older adults have generally proven ineffective. These failures suggest that a lifetime of brain aging may be difficult to reverse once widespread deterioration...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2020.101075
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Senescence represents a state of indefinite growth arrest in cells that have reached the end of their replicative life span, have become damaged, or express aberrant levels of cancer-related proteins. While senescence is widely considered to represent a tumor-suppressive mechanism, the accumulation of senescent cells ...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2012.01.003
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At older ages, the circadian rhythm of body temperature shows a decreased amplitude, an advanced phase, and decreased stability. The present review evaluates to what extent these changes may result from age-related deficiencies at several levels of the thermoregulatory system, including thermoreception, thermogenesis ...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1568-1637(02)00030-2
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent findings suggest that both peripheral and central auditory system dysfunction occur in the prodromal stages of Alzheimer Disease (AD), and therefore may represent early indicators of the disease. In addition, loss of auditory function itself leads to communication difficulties, social isolation and poor quality...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.001
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process and protective housekeeping mechanism to eliminate damaged organelles, long-lived misfolded proteins and invading pathogens. Autophagy functions to recycle building blocks and energy for cellular renovation and homeostasis, allowing cells to adapt to stress. Modulation of a...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2018.08.004
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent pandemics of the SARS-Cov-2 has pushed physical activity (PA) and exercise at the forefront of the discussion, since PA is associated with a reduced risk of developing all the chronic diseases strongly associated with severe cases of SARS-Cov-2 and exercise is considered a complimentary therapeutics for the...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2021.101258
更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The safest place to store lipids is the white adipose tissue, but its storage capacity may become saturated resulting in excess of fat "overspilled" to non-adipose tissues. This overspill of fat occurs in apparently opposite pathological states such as lipodistrophy or obesity. When the excess of energy is redirected ...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2006.03.004
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developments in technology have facilitated quantitative examination of gaze behavior in relation to locomotion. The objective of this systematic review is to provide a critical evaluation of available evidence and to explore the role of gaze behavior among older adults during different forms of locomotion. Database s...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.005
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and their specific footprints reflect disease conditions. Over the last few years, several primary reports have described the deregulation of cell-free miRNAs in Parkinson's disease (PD), however, results have been rather inconsistent due...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2020.101023
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related hearing loss, known as presbyacusis, is characterized by the progressive deterioration of auditory sensitivity associated with aging and is the most common cause of adult auditory deficiency in the United States. Presbyacusis is defined as a progressive, bilateral, high-frequency hearing loss that is manif...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1568-1637(02)00004-1
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcopenia, an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass coupled with functional deterioration, may be exacerbated by obesity leading to higher disability, frailty, morbidity and mortality rates. In the combination of sarcopenia and obesity, the state called sarcopenic obesity (SOB), some key age- and obesity-med...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.008
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries for people older than 65 years of age. The reasons are still unclear. A reduction of endogenous mechanisms against ischemic insults has been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Cardiac ischemic preconditioning represents the most powerf...
journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arr.2009.07.001
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
