Abstract:
:The Ensembl project (https://www.ensembl.org) annotates genomes and disseminates genomic data for vertebrate species. We create detailed and comprehensive annotation of gene structures, regulatory elements and variants, and enable comparative genomics by inferring the evolutionary history of genes and genomes. Our integrated genomic data are made available in a variety of ways, including genome browsers, search interfaces, specialist tools such as the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor, download files and programmatic interfaces. Here, we present recent Ensembl developments including two new website portals. Ensembl Rapid Release (http://rapid.ensembl.org) is designed to provide core tools and services for genomes as soon as possible and has been deployed to support large biodiversity sequencing projects. Our SARS-CoV-2 genome browser (https://covid-19.ensembl.org) integrates our own annotation with publicly available genomic data from numerous sources to facilitate the use of genomics in the international scientific response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also report on other updates to our annotation resources, tools and services. All Ensembl data and software are freely available without restriction.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Howe KL,Achuthan P,Allen J,Allen J,Alvarez-Jarreta J,Amode MR,Armean IM,Azov AG,Bennett R,Bhai J,Billis K,Boddu S,Charkhchi M,Cummins C,Da Rin Fioretto L,Davidson C,Dodiya K,El Houdaigui B,Fatima R,Gall A,Garcia Gdoi
10.1093/nar/gkaa942subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-08 00:00:00pages
D884-D891issue
D1eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962pii
5952199journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Four hundred twenty-eight high-resolution DNA-protein complexes were chosen for a bioinformatics study. Although 164 crystal structures (38% of those searched) contained no interactions, 574 discrete π-contacts between the aromatic amino acids and the DNA nucleobases or deoxyribose were identified using strict criteri...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gku269
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A circular trans-acting ribozyme designed to adopt the motif of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) trans-acting ribozyme was produced. The circular form was generated in vitro by splicing a modified group I intron precursor RNA in which the relative order of the 5' and 3' splice sites, flanking the single HDV-like ribozy...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/21.18.4253
更新日期:1993-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::DNA3'pp5'G caps synthesized by the 3'-PO4/5'-OH ligase RtcB have a strong impact on enzymatic reactions at DNA 3'-OH ends. Aprataxin, an enzyme that repairs A5'pp5'DNA ends formed during abortive ligation by classic 3'-OH/5'-PO4 ligases, is also a DNA 3' de-capping enzyme, converting DNAppG to DNA3'p and GMP. By takin...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkv501
更新日期:2015-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have been identified in a wide range of bacterial genomes. Here, we report the characterization of a new type I TA system present on the chromosome of the major human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. We show that the aapA1 gene encodes a 30 amino acid peptide whose artificial ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1343
更新日期:2017-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::We have analysed DNA modification in a HapII site (CCGG) present in the major intron of the discontinuous rabbit beta-globin gene. In most somatic tissues, including erythroid and non-erythroid tissues, about 50% of the DNA is resistant to cleavage at this site by HapII, though 100% cleavage is found with the isoschiz...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/5.12.4631
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a cell-free chromatin assembly system derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which efficiently packages DNA into minichromosomes in a reaction dependent on exogenous core histones and an ATP-regenerating system. Both supercoiled and relaxed plasmid DNA serve as templates for nucleosomal loading i...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gnh107
更新日期:2004-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::A filter binding assay was developed that allows measurement of specific binding of trp repressor to operator DNA. The most important feature of this procedure is the concentration and type of salt present in the binding buffer. Using this assay the dissociation constant of the repressor-operator complex was determine...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/15.13.5339
更新日期:1987-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::The attachment of replicating DNA to a rapidly sedimenting nuclear structure was investigated by digestion with various nucleases. When DNA was gradually removed by DNase I, pulse label incorporated during either 1 min or during 1 hour in the presence of arabinosylcytosine, remained preferentially attached to the nucl...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/6.1.219
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arabidopsis microRNA (miRNA) genes (MIR) give rise to 20- to 22-nt miRNAs that are generated predominantly by the type III endoribonuclease Dicer-like 1 (DCL1) but do not require any RNA-dependent RNA Polymerases (RDRs) or RNA Polymerase IV (Pol IV). Here, we identify a novel class of non-conserved MIR genes that give...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkq590
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the nucleotide sequences of long terminal repeat (LTR) regions of Syrian hamster intracisternal A particle (IAP) genes. The size of the LTRs was 350 base-pairs (bp) and 376 bp in two clones, H10 and H18, respectively. Two LTRs at both ends of the IAP gene were linked to directly repeating 6 bp hamst...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/11.20.7169
更新日期:1983-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear receptors for the thyroid hormone and vitamin A and D cooperate with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) in activating the transcription. Although the hormone response elements for these receptors have been proposed in which spacing of the direct repeated motifs determine the specificity (so called 3-4-5 rule), vita...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/22.15.2902
更新日期:1994-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::SLM2 and Sam68 are splicing regulator paralogs that usually overlap in function, yet only SLM2 and not Sam68 controls the Neurexin2 AS4 exon important for brain function. Herein we find that SLM2 and Sam68 similarly bind to Neurexin2 pre-mRNA, both within the mouse cortex and in vitro. Protein domain-swap experiments ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1277
更新日期:2017-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that the pyrimidine oligonucleotide 5'CTTCCTCCTCT (Y11) recognizes the double-helical stem of hairpin 5'GAAGGAGGAGA-T4-TCTCCTCCTTC (h26) by triple-helix formation (1). In this paper, we report the effect on triplex formation of substituting the cytosine residues of Y11 with 5-methylcytosines (...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/19.20.5625
更新日期:1991-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::The antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 binds in the minor groove of double-stranded DNA, and the cyclopropapyrroloindole (CPI) subunit of the drug alkylates adjacent adenines at their N-3 position. We have attached racemic CPI to oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) via a terminal phosphorothioate at either the 3'- or 5'-end of...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/24.4.683
更新日期:1996-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear DNA from liver cells of the kangaroo rat species Dipodomysordii was fractionated and characterized with the aid of buoyant density gradients in neutral and alkaline CsCl and in Ag(+)-Cs(2)SO(4). More than one-half of the DNA was present in three density satellites, a greater proportion than in any other specie...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/1.4.559
更新日期:1974-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allele-specific protospacer adjacent motif (asPAM)-positioning SNPs and CRISPRs are valuable resources for gene therapy of dominant disorders. However, one technical hurdle is to identify the haplotype comprising the disease-causing allele and the distal asPAM SNPs. Here, we describe a novel CRISPR-based method (CRISP...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz1233
更新日期:2020-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::The discontinuous synthesis of the complementary strands of polyoma DNA in isolated nuclei has been studied by hybridization techniques. The relative amounts of the newly synthesized complementary strands were compared by separately annealing them to denatured HpaII restriction fragments. In every case an excess (1.4-...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/4.5.1449
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two DNA polymerases have been purified from the 105,000 x g supernatant of ungerminated wheat. The purification stages included: high speed centrifugation, salt fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-150 filtration and phosphocellulose chromatography. Several properties of the two enzyme (called A an...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/2.11.2077
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::MiRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by recruiting the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) to target mRNAs. However, the mechanisms by which miRISC components are maintained at appropriate levels for proper function are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Caenorhabditis elegans TEG-1 regu...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkw836
更新日期:2017-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::The pattern of sites for cleavage mediated by topoisomerase II was determined in 830 kb of cloned DNA from the Drosophila X chromosome, with the objectives of comparing it with mapped structural and functional landmarks and examining if the correlations with such landmarks reported in individual loci can be generalize...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/25.11.2041
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins are vital for a wide range of processes including chromosome structure and dynamics, gene regulation and DNA repair. Eukaryotes have three SMC complexes, consisting of heterodimeric pairs of six different SMC proteins along with several specific regulatory subunits....
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkq038
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current version of PLMItRNA has been realized to constitute a database for tRNA molecules and genes identified in the mitochondria of all green plants ( Viridiplantae ). It is the enlargement of a previous database originally restricted to seed plants [Ceci,L.R., Volpicella,M., Liuni,S., Volpetti,V., Licciulli,F. ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.159
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new method for evaluating some complex characteristics of the primary structure of E.coli promoters is proposed. The method, of nonparametric statistical significance, selects important conserved single-base positions in combination with 2-base coupling relations of identity and complementarity. The extended consens...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/17.12.4799
更新日期:1989-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::RNA levels in a cell are regulated by the relative rates of RNA synthesis and decay. We recently developed a new approach for measuring both RNA synthesis and decay in a single experimental setting by biosynthetic labeling of newly transcribed RNA. Here, we show that this provides measurements of RNA half-lives from m...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp542
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::IntAct is an open source database and software suite for modeling, storing and analyzing molecular interaction data. The data available in the database originates entirely from published literature and is manually annotated by expert biologists to a high level of detail, including experimental methods, conditions and ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkl958
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An investigation of the mobility of short duplexes of DNA -octamers and decamers-on polyacrylamide gels is presented, showing that molecules containing less than one helical turn exhibit sequence dependent mobilities. Analysis of chains with different sequences indicates that any arrangement of two or more adjacent A....
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/16.14.6803
更新日期:1988-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-protein and protein-DNA/RNA interactions play a fundamental role in a variety of biological processes. Determining the complex structures of these interactions is valuable, in which molecular docking has played an important role. To automatically make use of the binding information from the PDB in docking, her...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkx407
更新日期:2017-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::A prototype of a novel class of DNA alkylating agents, which combines the DNA crosslinking moiety chlorambucil (Chl) with a sequence-selective hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamide ImPy-beta-ImPy-gamma-ImPy-beta-Dp (polyamide 1), was evaluated for its ability to damage DNA and induce biological responses. Polyamide 1-Ch...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkg215
更新日期:2003-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::In order to investigate the possible role of RNA secondary structure in determining the efficiency and specificity of mRNA splicing, the structures of sequences at three acceptor splice sites in adenovirus were studied. Transcripts spanning intron-exon junctions were synthesized using SP6 RNA polymerase and analyzed u...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.22.8437
更新日期:1984-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the majority of the genes for 5S rRNA lie within a 9kb rDNA sequence that is present as 100-200 tandemly-repeated copies on Chromosome XII. Following our observations that about 10% of yeast 5S rRNA exists as minor variant sequences, we screened a collection of yeast DNA fragments cloned in...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.10.4083
更新日期:1984-05-25 00:00:00