Abstract:
:Skull fractures are common in children both due to abuse and accidental incidences. The accurate detection of these fractures may therefore be critical. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of CT, X-ray, and Lodox® scans, the latter which has not previously been evaluated and is commonly employed in South Africa, in detecting the number, location and type of pediatric skull fractures. Blunt force trauma was inflicted with a mallet on ten piglet skulls, which were CT, X-ray, and Lodox® scanned and then macerated. The number, location, and type of skull fractures visible using each imaging modality, and on the cleaned skulls, were recorded. Sensitivities and specificities of each method were calculated. For fracture number and location, CTs had a sensitivity of 47.3%, X-rays 22.4% and Lodox® 23.3%. For fracture type, sensitivities were 46.1%, 16.6%, and 17.8% for CT, X-ray, and Lodox® , respectively. Specificities were high (92.5%-100%) which reduces the risk of incorrectly diagnosing fractures. However, low sensitivities increase the risk of failing to identify fractures and possible victims of abuse. Osteological analysis should preferably be the method of choice when evaluating pediatric skull trauma, and CTs should be used when osteological analysis is not feasible. If CT scanners are not available, X-rays and Lodox® may have to be used. In these cases, additional radiographic views of the skull are imperative and may increase the sensitivity of these methods, although they are not recommended to detect exact pediatric skull fracture number, location, and type.
journal_name
J Forensic Scijournal_title
Journal of forensic sciencesauthors
Spies AJ,Steyn M,Brits Ddoi
10.1111/1556-4029.14614subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-02 00:00:00eissn
0022-1198issn
1556-4029pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The crossbow is an uncommon source of fatal injury. In Los Angeles County, two crossbow homicides have occurred in the past 20 years. Following the second case, a crossbow was test-fired into a fresh pork thigh, resulting in distinctive wounds. Experimental studies also showed that the vanes of the bolt (arrow) may be...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification, analysis, and occurrence in U.S. automobile original finishes (1974-1989) of Nickel Titanate (yellow) and Chrome Titanate (yellow-orange) are described in this report. The titanate pigments are based on the rutile (titanium dioxide) structure and there are only minor differences between the infrare...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00126.x
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Domestic homicide is the most extreme form of domestic violence and one of the most common types of homicide. The objective was to examine differences between spontaneous domestic homicide and nondomestic homicide offenders regarding demographics, psychiatric history, crime characteristics, and neuropsychological stat...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12908
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acetabulum/pubis index was tested on American Eskimo and Indian samples of innominate bones to which sex had been assigned by visual inspection. The index alone sexed 91 and 89% of the Eskimo and Indian samples, respectively. Subsequent sorting of misclassified specimens with femur head diameter resulted in 96 and...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sexual assault case was received in the laboratory. Upon examination, a small bloodstain was located on a bed sheet that was recovered from the defendant's motel room. Typing the whole blood samples from the defendant and the victim revealed that both blood samples exhibited identical phenotypes in eleven different ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Illegal trade in snake parts has increased enormously. In spite of strict protection under wildlife act, a large number of snakes are being killed ruthlessly in India for venom and skin. Here, an interesting case involving confiscation of crystallized dried snake venom and subsequent DNA-based species identification i...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02049.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 1970s have yielded many situations in which psychiatrists have been summoned by agents of the state for help in resolving terrorist-related crises. This paper tries to examine the evolving role of forensic psychiatrists as they participate in such situations and reviews some of the functions involved in open commu...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary objective of this paper is to report on the successful implementation of forensic facial approximation in a real case in the forensic context. A three-dimensional (3D) facial approximation protocol of the skull was performed with free software, applying techniques in a virtual environment that have already...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14587
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this case report, a very obese young woman who claimed to be 17 gestational weeks into pregnancy, sought an elective abortion. Upon dilation and curettage, the doctor assessed the fetal remains to be nearly 26 gestational weeks. After contacting local authorities, who turned the case over to the Office of the Medic...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the ability to develop latent fingerprints on paper using heat alone has been noted previously, it has been considered impractical for casework and inferior to other techniques. Here a new refinement of the technique is demonstrated for the high quality development of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces su...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00902.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anomalous origin of the coronary artery (AOCA) is a rare, but important cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes. Nine autopsy cases (8 male, 1 female; mean age, 17.9 years; age range, 11-31 years) of sudden death during or just after exercise caused by AOCA were reviewed. The exercises performed at the time...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13004
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results obtained from the ABH grouping of bone tissues by the absorption-elution procedure and by a recently described two-dimensional absorption-inhibition procedure are reported. Neither the elution nor the inhibition procedure alone yielded uniformly correct results. A combination procedure consisting of the use of...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forensic DNA interpretation is transitioning from manual interpretation based usually on binary decision-making toward computer-based systems that model the probability of the profile given different explanations for it, termed probabilistic genotyping (PG). Decision-making by laboratories to implement probability-bas...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13898
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reliability of a D1S80 typing procedure has been evaluated using simulated forensic specimens. D1S80 alleles were detectable in DNA recovered from bloodstains exposed to sunlight for up to 20 weeks. However, D1S80 alleles were undetectable in semen stains after six weeks sunlight exposure. Analysis of blood and se...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol-related amnesia--alcohol blackout--is a common claim of criminal defendants. The generally held belief is that during an alcohol blackout, other cognitive functioning is severely impaired or absent. The presentation of alcohol blackout as scientific evidence in court requires that the science meets legal relia...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12134
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The compound gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) was found in extracts from samples of unadulterated wines. This finding indicates that GBL is a naturally occurring component in some wines and may be present in similar products. The concentration detected was approximately 5 microg/mL and was easily observed using a simple extr...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present investigation was to test the accuracy of a new scoring system in recording tooth wear for age estimation. The material consisted of dental stone casts of 383 volunteers who had sound premolars and molars with normal occlusion. The degree of occlusal wear for all premolar and molar teeth was...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diagnosis of death as a result of starvation is established on anthropological measurements, visual appearance of the deceased on external and internal examination, microscopic analysis, laboratory testing, and exclusion of other causes of death. Herein, we present our findings on a case of 95-year-old man who die...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13244
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fatalities related to sporting events are predominantly caused by blunt force injuries especially due to the emotional involvement of crowd, but occasionally other types of trauma are reported as well. A case of very rare trauma caused by shooting with a hand-held parachute signal rocket during a football match is pre...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00791.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discriminant functions designed for the determination of sex from metacarpal measurements are presented. Three samples of metacarpal specimens were employed in the analysis; one consisting of 212 individuals from the Terry Collection, one of 33 individuals from the Royal Free Medical School in London, and finally, 40 ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to determine the effect of gender, body mass index, and time on the width of friction ridge impressions in fingerprints and the content of sweat and sebum forming the print. The research showed that the friction ridge impressions of women are significantly wider than those of men, and this ten...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13937
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The beginning of latent fingerprint development on porous surface was first achieved by silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) method. But the significantly increasing cost has caused forensic experts to look for an alternative means. Silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) is the main component in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, namely silve...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14664
更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of heat on the amplification of DNA from the dental pulp of Sus scrofa molars and investigated the protection afforded to the pulp tissue by the dental enamel, alveolar process, and soft tissue of the head. Segments of defleshed maxilla and mandible encasing the first molar (n = 60) wer...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01286.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hand preference may be crucial in the forensic domain, notably in cases where the assailant is known to be left-handed and the defendant claims to be right-handed (or vice versa). In such cases, forensic psychologists or physicians may be asked to test the hand preference of the defendant. However, hand preference may...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13923
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cases of acute fatal child abuse, certain injuries, including cutaneous blunt force trauma, skull fractures, subdural hematomas, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhages are common and well described in the pediatric and forensic literature. These gross findings at autopsy, when taken into consideration ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00883.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive analysis of sulfide in blood was established, using an extractive alkylation technique. Pentafluorobenzyl bromide was used as the alkylating agent, tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride as the phase-transfer catalyst, and potassium dihydrogenphosphate as the buffer to suppress the formation of sulfide....
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is still one of the most challenging issues in forensic investigations, especially in cases in which advanced transformative phenomena have taken place. The dating of skeletal remains is even more difficult and sometimes only a rough determination of the PMI is possible....
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12024
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews the complex pharmacology of the new class of antidepressant medications exhibiting selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. The four selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) considered--fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline and paroxetine--can result in toxicity and death through contributin...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-impaired driving is a complex area of forensic toxicology due in part to limited data concerning the type of drugs involved and the concentrations detected. This study analyzed toxicological findings in drivers from fatal motor vehicle collisions (FMVCs) in Ontario, Canada, over a one-year period using a standard...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12725
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A portable capillary electrophoresis instrument with dual capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4 D) was used to determine the inorganic ionic profiles of three pharmaceutical samples and precursors of two illicit drugs (contemporary samples of methylone and para-methoxymethamphetamine). The LODs r...
journal_title:Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13175
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00