Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Using an ambulance as an attack modality offers many advantages to a terrorist organization. Ambulances can carry more explosives than most vehicles and can often bypass security. Yet, studies examining how terrorist organizations have incorporated ambulances into their attacks are lacking. STUDY OBJECTIVE:This article seeks to identify and analyze known instances in which an ambulance has been used in a terrorist attack. METHODS:The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was searched for terrorist events that involved the use of an ambulance from the years 1970-2018. Variables of event time, location, and loss of life were analyzed. RESULTS:Twenty instances where an ambulance had been used in a terrorist attack were identified from the GTD. Fifteen of the attacks occurred in the Middle East, while the remaining five occurred in Southeast Asia. All attacks except one had occurred after 2001, and 13 had occurred within the past decade. Most attacks (12/20) resulted in up to three people killed, while six attacks had 10-20 casualties. The deadliest attack occurred in Kabul, Afghanistan in 2018 and caused over 100 casualties. One event did not have casualty information in the GTD. In all cases, ambulances were used as vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIED) by terrorist organizations. CONCLUSION:This study shows that terrorists are increasingly acquiring and utilizing ambulances in their attacks, often with deadly consequences. Security and public health experts must be aware of this hazard and work to deny terrorists access to these vehicles.
journal_name
Prehosp Disaster Medjournal_title
Prehospital and disaster medicineauthors
Jasani GN,Alfalasi R,Cavaliere GA,Ciottone GR,Lawner BJdoi
10.1017/S1049023X20001260subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-02-01 00:00:00pages
14-17issue
1eissn
1049-023Xissn
1945-1938pii
S1049023X20001260journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Session 1.5 on Health Policy and Coordination: A Critical Review of Experiences during the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04-06 May 2005. The topics discussed inclu...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00002958
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Expatriate healthcare professionals frequently participate in international relief operations that are initiated in response to disasters due to natural hazards or humanitarian emergencies in low resource settings. This practice environment is significantly different from the healthcare delivery environmen...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00007445
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Moshing is a violent form of dancing found world-wide at rock concerts, festivals, and electronic dance music events. It involves crowd surfing, shoving, and moving in a circular rotation. Moshing is a source of increased morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to report epidemiologic information...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X17006689
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Following the recommendations of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM; Madison, Wisconsin USA) to develop standards for training the undergraduates in disaster-relevant fields (2004), a German curriculum was approved in 2006. This paper aims to describe the level of training and i...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X17000280
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The detonation of a bomb in a shopping center in Vantaa, Finland, took place on 11 October 2002. Seven people died as a result and > 160 people required medical attention. Because the rescue teams were inadequately trained to respond to terrorist attacks, the event was handled according to protocol. A number of proble...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00004404
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article seeks to clarify the terminology and methods of planning to avert hospital internal disaster. It differentiates "crisis" from "disaster" in the in-hospital setting. Preparedness, as contrasted with mitigation, is meant to reduce the likelihood that a crisis will turn into a disaster. Though there are some...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00001230
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A broad range of health problems are related to disasters. Insight into these health problems is needed for targeted disaster management. Disaster health outcome assessment can provide insight into the health effects of disasters. During the 15th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine in Amsterdam (2007), e...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00021257
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Traditionally, post disaster response activities have focused on immediate trauma and communicable diseases. In developed countries such as Australia, the post disaster risk for communicable disease is low. However, a "disease transition" is now recognized at the population level where noncommunicable dise...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1017/S1049023X1400137X
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study was aimed to analyze post-disaster birth outcomes in coastal and inland regions of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. METHODS:Primary data sets were compiled from birth records of obstetric facilities and 12,808 patients were analyzed for baseline birth outcomes by region. Regional risk analysis of the lo...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X18000183
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Introduction Previous studies have found that older adults are more likely to use Emergency Medical Services (EMS) than younger adults, but the reasons for this remain understudied. Hypothesis/Problem This study aimed to determine if older age is associated with using EMS for transportation to an emergency department ...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X17000036
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mental health effects of disaster and terrorism have moved to the forefront in the recent past following the events of 11 September 2001 in the United States. Although there has been a protracted history by mental health researchers and practitioners to study, understand, prevent, and treat mental health problems ...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00001485
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:This Supplement is a Report of the Conference convened by the South East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The Conference was a follow-up to the WHO Conference of May 2005 in Phuket, Thailand on the Earthquake and Tsunami of 26 December 2004. The invitational meeting brou...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Introduction In the foothills of the Cumberland Mountains, in central Appalachia (a region that spans 13 states in the US), sits an economically distressed and rural community of the United States. Once a thriving coal-mining area, this region now is reported as one of the hardest places to live in the US. Southeaster...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X1600090X
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In 2001, the Israeli government announced the construction of the West Bank barrier. The stated purpose of construction to prevent attacks by Palestinians on Israeli citizens. In a subsequent advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice decided the wall would block access to health care and educati...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00004829
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ecological disasters impact large populations every year, and hundreds of nongovernmental organizations, thousands of aid workers, and billions of dollars are sent in response. Yet, there have been recurring problems with coordination, leading to wasted efforts and funds. The humanitarian response to the December 2004...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effectiveness of humanitarian response efforts has long been hampered by a lack of coordination among responding organizations. The need for increased coordination and collaboration, as well as the need to better understand experiences with coordination, were recognized by participants of a multilateral Working Gr...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00005136
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aim The goal of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of three adjunctive maneuvers - head elevation (HE), forward laryngoscope traction (FT), and external laryngeal manipulation (ELM) - on laryngoscopic view, intubation time, and intubation success performed by a sample of novice intubators using a sim...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X17006392
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Tenecteplase is a thrombolytic protein drug used by paramedics, emergency responders, and critical care medical personnel for the prehospital treatment of blood clotting diseases. Minimizing the time between symptom onset and the initiation of thrombolytic treatment is important for reducing mortality and ...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X20000928
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tsunami disaster affected several countries in Southeast Asia in December 2004 and killed or affected many tourists, most of them from Europe. Eight Czech citizens died, and about 500 Czechs were seriously mentally traumatized. The psychosocial needs of tourists included: (1) protection; (2) treatment; (3) safety;...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of autocratic leaders in history reveals that many share severe character disorders that are consistently similar across borders and cultures. Diplomats and humanitarians negotiating for access to populations in-need and security of their programs, especially in health, must understand the limitations ...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X18001280
更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:On January 12, 2010, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, was shattered by a violent earthquake that killed or injured thousands of its citizens. Local emergency services became overwhelmed and international assistance was required. French relief teams were deployed to assist local hospitals in caring for the victims. The medical c...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X12001239
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent crisis in Kosovo led to nearly complete destruction of a healthcare system serving the needs of approximately 2 million people. Even prior to the crisis, the pre-existing healthcare system had inadequate provisions for the delivery of Emergency Medical Services. More than 440 diverse governmental and non-go...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00043429
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the early morning of 26 December 2003, Bam, an old city in southeastern Iran, was devastated by an earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter scale. Managing such situations always brings about many problems. In the case of the Bam Earthquake, two of the most serious problems were rescue operations and provision of ap...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00005355
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:A common chief complaint to emergency dispatch communication centers worldwide is "breathing problems". The chief complaint of breathing problems represents a wide spectrum of underlying diseases, patient conditions, and onset types. The current debate is on the potential ability of a dispatch protocol to ...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00006142
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compares the performance of two commercially available devices (Ambu TubeChek and SCOTI) in establishing endotracheal (ET) tube position (oesophageal vs. tracheal) in a mannequin and in miniature pigs. The Ambu TubeChek is a syringe-type, Oesophageal Detector Device (ODD) that fits to the endotracheal tube ...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:A case is presented in which a 43-year-old man suffering from a severe asthma attack, had ventilatory arrest during a hoisting procedure. Based on this experience, the influence of three hoisting techniques on lung function was tested. METHODS:The ventilatory capacity of 12 healthy volunteers was tested d...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The provision of surgery within humanitarian crises is complex, requiring coordination and cooperation among all stakeholders. During the 2011 Humanitarian Action Summit best practice guidelines were proposed to provide greater accountability and standardization in surgical humanitarian relief efforts. Surgical humani...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.1017/S1049023X12000064
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Post-injury hypothermia is a risk predictor in trauma patients whose physiology is deranged. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of simple, in-field, hypothermia prevention to victims of penetrating trauma during long prehospital evacuations. METHODS:A total of 170 consecutively injured...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x00000078
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:On 26 December 2003, an earthquake measuring 6.5 on the Richter scale occurred in the city of Bam in southeastern Iran. Bam was destroyed completely, > 43,000 people were killed, and 30,000 were injured. The national and international responses were quick and considerable. Many field hospitals were created a...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s1049023x0000279x
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific Event Identifiers a. Event Type: Earthquake measuring 6.2 (SD=0.016) on the moment magnitude; b. Event Onset: August 24, 2016 - 03:36:32 CEST (01:36 UTC); c. Location of Event: Central Italy, in the town of Amatrice; d. Geographic Coordinates: latitude (DMS): 42°37'45.77″N; longitude (DMS): 13°17'18.14″E; ele...
journal_title：Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S1049023X17007075
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
