Abstract:
:The U.S. and Japan have preapproval access systems for patients who have exhausted approved treatment options. We compare the systems of both countries and discuss some ethical concerns surrounding non-trial access to investigational drugs. Notable points of comparison of the two countries' systems include cost of non-trial access to investigational drugs and purpose of the non-trial access system. All stakeholders and the public must understand the ethical issues associated with non-trial preapproval access systems. The current non-trial access programs in both countries depends on pharmaceutical companies' voluntary decisions about whether patients get access to investigational products. Moreover, the potential for inequity of access raises ethical concerns. Non-trial preapproval access is an exceptional way to practice medicine with various ethical and safety concerns, so we suggest that the scope and eligibility for using these pathways should thus be limited.
journal_name
Ther Innov Regul Scijournal_title
Therapeutic innovation & regulatory scienceauthors
Nakada H,Folkers KM,Takashima Kdoi
10.1007/s43441-020-00228-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-23 00:00:00eissn
2168-4790issn
2168-4804pii
10.1007/s43441-020-00228-xpub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The FDA Patient-Focused Drug Development Initiative was launched to ensure the incorporation of the patient voice into drug development and evaluation. Since 2017, the FDA must publish a statement outlining patient experience data (PED) considered in the approval of new drugs. This study investigated the pre...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-020-00244-x
更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::Biopharmaceutical medicines are complex molecules obtained from a living organism (plant or animal cells) and may contain components of a living organism using biotechnology. Biosimilars are closely similar to already approved biopharmaceutical products that could form a new generation of medicines that are available ...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s43441-020-00112-8
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors consider a statistically valid method that has little concern caused by down weighting in stage 2 or slight loss in efficiency and possibly improves power performance for a trial design that allows for adaptation of statistical information. In addition to the need for a priori sound data-based planning tha...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479013513891
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although much information is already available publically from information-sharing initiatives such as ClinicalTrials.gov, information about clinical programs is unstructured, inconsistent, and incomplete. Clinical research within bioscience companies, health care, academia, and governmental agencies could benefit fro...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479014539158
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulatory agencies all over the world have defined the pathway and regulations for the approval of simple small-molecule generics. In addition, the agencies are striving to form perspicuous regulatory frameworks for the approval of biosimilars. In this view, there are no defined regulations for the approval of co...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s43441-020-00114-6
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive designs are increasingly used in clinical trials. The Drug Information Association's Adaptive Design Scientific Working Group (ADSWG) works to foster collaboration among regulatory agencies, academia, and pharmaceutical and biotech companies to further the science of adaptive clinical development. The ADSWG S...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479014522468
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DIA Study Endpoints Community Working Group on Mobile Sensor Technology (MST) series addresses considerations that may be useful for selecting MST for use in a clinical trial. This article describes considerations regarding the selection of MST for clinical trials including expectations around technology specifica...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-020-00188-2
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the breakthrough therapy designation (BTD) and Sakigake designation programs, rolling submission and close communication between applicants and regulatory authorities enable the timely access of patients to innovative medicines. However, challenges in the quality development, including chemistry, manufact...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-019-00019-z
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a measure of agreement that does not distinguish the "positive" outcome from the "negative" outcome can be sometimes misleading in assessing resemblance. To alleviate this concern, some new indices, including the "positive" and "negative" conditional synchrony measures (CSM) (or the conditional discordant measur...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-019-00074-6
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Approval of regulated medical products in the USA is based upon a rigorous review of the benefits and risks as performed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) staff of scientists and is summarized in a descriptive and qualitative format called the FDA's Benefit-Risk Framework (BRF). This present metho...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-020-00197-1
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Japan's rapidly aging population has prompted a change in the country's pharmaceutical care framework from a drug-oriented to a patient-oriented approach. Pharmacies and pharmacists are expected to play central roles in this new patient-oriented approach by reconciling medication and managing polypharmacy, conducting ...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s43441-020-00215-2
更新日期:2020-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obtaining assent from children participating in clinical trials acknowledges autonomy and developmental ability to contribute to the consent process. This critical step in pediatric drug development remains poorly understood, with significant room for improving the clarity, efficiency, and implementation of ...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479017716490
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agents indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy (bowel preps) are among the most frequently prescribed drugs for otherwise healthy patients. Better bowel preparation has been shown to translate into higher adenoma detection rates. Therefore, safety and efficacy standards need to be high. C...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479015577868
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:According to 21 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 211, Over-the-Counter (OTC) drug manufacturers must establish and follow current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) to produce quality products while meeting regulatory standards. The warning letters issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-020-00231-2
更新日期:2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The design and sample size of a phase III study for new medical technologies were historically determined within the framework of frequentist hypothesis testing. Recently, drug development using predictive biomarkers, which can predict efficacy based on the status of biomarkers, has attracted attention, and ...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-020-00119-1
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::After nearly a decade of discussion, analysis, and development, the Medicines Adaptive Pathways to Patients (MAPPs) initiative is beginning to see acceptance from regulators, industry, patients, and payers, with the first live pilot project initiated under the guidance of the European Medicines Agency in 2014. Althoug...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479015618697
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Timely access to new medicines may be addressed through strengthening of registration efficiencies and timelines by establishing and refining value-added registration processes, resources, and systems. The aims of this study were to evaluate the timelines of the milestones of the South African review process...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-019-00013-5
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In March 2017, the US FDA introduced the new Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) designation thus recognizing the enormous potential of these medicines and the need for efficient regulatory tools to accelerate their development and their commercial availability. The development of regenerative medicines is v...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479018779373
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Package leaflets of medicines distributed within the European Union should use the template headings and standard texts created by the Working Group on the Quality Review of Documents (QRD). The following study investigated how the QRD template is implemented in this patient information. METHODS:All English...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479015620247
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Source data verification (SDV) is the process of confirming that reliable, accurate information collected from participants during a clinical trial has been reported successfully to the trial's sponsor by investigators conducting the study. Over the past 15 years or so, there has been considerable discussion in the li...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479013496245
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Time progression models provide a significant advantage in developing clinical trials and can also be used to elicit comparisons among therapeutic agents. The authors performed a meta-analysis to construct a time progression model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an area of significant interest for pharmaceutical develo...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479013499571
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2010 Congress established a regulatory pathway for the approval of biosimilar products in the United States. FDA has embarked on developing the implementation framework for this pathway which includes creating guidance to assist biosimilar manufacturers in the development of these products. However, to date, the gu...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479013515249
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:(1) To assess the differing viewpoints of actual and potential adult clinical trial participants in 5 age cohorts, (2) identify misperceptions and opportunities to reduce unnecessary burdens on volunteers, and (3) provide age-specific feedback to study sponsors on their current engagement efforts. METHODS:B...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-019-00033-1
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Access and use of historical control data was identified as a top stakeholder concern across organizations according to results of a survey of needs and challenges related to nonclinical data conducted by the FDA/PhUSE Nonclinical Working Group in 2011. There is a perception there may be additional ways to c...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479015600203
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uncertain ascertainment of events in clinical trials has been noted for decades. To correct possible bias, Clinical Endpoint Committees (CECs) have been employed as a critical element of trials to ensure consistent and high-quality endpoint evaluation, especially for cardiovascular endpoints. However, the ef...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s43441-020-00206-3
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A data monitoring committee (DMC) has special responsibilities for protecting the safety of clinical trial participants. Few guidance documents are available that address the operations and mechanics of establishing, serving on, or reporting to a DMC. This article provides a practical guide to sponsors, inst...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479016646812
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The coherence between the relationship of QTc and drug plasma concentration (this relationship is measured through the slope) and ICH E14 findings based on hundreds of QT study reports was studied. RESULTS:Based on ICH E14 analysis, our findings indicate that if the slope was not positive, in most cases (86...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479014563549
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social media presents new challenges to the biopharmaceutical industry for conducting pharmacovigilance activities. The authors reviewed worldwide regulatory guidance documents related to monitoring of adverse events posted on social media sites and identified gaps in current regulatory definitions for pharmacovigilan...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479015587362
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Predictions of drug sales play an important role in setting drug prices in Japan, where drug prices are highly regulated. One of 2 primary Japanese drug-pricing methodologies-the cost calculation method- refers extensively to the prediction of drug sales in establishing drug prices. Deviations from predicted...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479019860123
更新日期:2019-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::In a global environment where health care costs are soaring, R&D efforts are flatlining. Meanwhile, payers are demanding more value for their money. In this environment, the traditional siloed drug development model is not sustainable. Yet innovations such as adaptive trial designs, real-world data collection, precisi...
journal_title:Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/2168479018814224
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00