Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering therapies is to safely achieve a consistent and long-term reduction in exposure of the vasculature to atherogenic lipoproteins in order to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease and the associated CV events, such as myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes. This review summarizes the concept and clinical development of a novel molecular approach to efficiently lower LDL-C, a synthetic small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-inclisiran-directed against proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9). RECENT FINDINGS:The understanding of genes regulating atherogenic lipoproteins and their causal role in the development of atherosclerotic CV disease has substantially advanced over the past years. This has opened the possibility for development of molecular therapies targeting these atherogenic lipoproteins, in particular by RNA-targeted treatment approaches. The most advanced clinical development program is the siRNA-treatment targeting PCSK9 (inclisiran), involving more than 4000 patients in clinical studies. Phase 1 and 2 studies have identified the dose of 300 mg inclisiran for efficient LDL-C lowering. Most recently, three phase 3 studies demonstrated that a regimen of inclisiran every 6 months was feasible and reduced LDL-C by approximately 50% in patients at high or very high CV risk or with familial hypercholesterolemia. Adverse events were similar in the inclisiran and the placebo groups, except for more frequent transient injection site reactions with inclisiran than with placebo. siRNA therapy targeting PCSK9 (inclisiran) applied twice a year efficiently reduced LDL-C by approximately 50% and was safe in recent phase 3 studies. The effects of this treatment on CV outcome are currently further assessed in a large ongoing CV outcome trial.
journal_name
Curr Cardiol Repjournal_title
Current cardiology reportsauthors
Sinning D,Landmesser Udoi
10.1007/s11886-020-01427-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-21 00:00:00pages
176issue
12eissn
1523-3782issn
1534-3170pii
10.1007/s11886-020-01427-6journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Cardiac resynchronization therapy has become part of the treatment strategy for advanced, symptomatic heart failure, but newly published trials show that more patients than previously realized may benefit from this therapy, including those with mild heart failure symptoms. The REVERSE and MADIT-CRT trials showed that ...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-010-0125-6
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The review is focused on "digital health", which means advanced analytics based on multi-modal data. The "Health Care Internet of Things", which uses sensors, apps, and remote monitoring could provide continuous clinical information in the cloud that enables clinicians to access the information they n...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-018-0990-y
更新日期:2018-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with pre-diabetes have a tenfold higher risk of developing Type 2 DM and a twofold higher risk of developing coronary heart disease compared to non-diabetics. Interventions targeted at those in an early stage of impaired glucose metabolism can delay or prevent diabetes. Effects of these interventions on cardi...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-015-0562-3
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart failure management is complex and costly. Genetic variations that alter drug absorption, metabolism, and receptor-ligand interactions have the potential to modify drug response and safety. Evidence shows that genetic factors interact with numerous heart failure medications, including vasodilators, beta blockers,...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-008-0031-3
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congestive heart failure is increasing in prevalence in the United States, and associated morbidity and mortality remain high. Aggressive treatment of decompensated heart failure is associated with improved outcomes; however, therapies must be tailored to the presenting characteristics of each patient and most carry a...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02938348
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The development of biventricular repair and conversion pathways for patients with borderline hypoplastic heart disease represents an area of recent inquiry and innovation. This review summarizes emerging techniques and novel treatment algorithms for borderline hypoplastic heart disease with a focus on...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-020-01363-5
更新日期:2020-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::Due to an increase in the number of patients with heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia ablation has a growing clinical role. Long-term success rates remain suboptimal and require creating a detailed electroanatomic map during the procedure to identify fibrotic areas responsible for arrhyt...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-015-0697-2
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most highly unexpected reports in recent medical literature was the lack of benefit of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy in cardiovascular disease prevention in postmenopausal women. The ensuing negative view of hormone replacement therapy has now extended to all forms of postmenopausal hormone treatme...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-003-0110-4
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia in the general population. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the psychological aspects of AF, compiling evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and basic research sources. RECENT FINDINGS:Findings from large-scale pop...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-020-01396-w
更新日期:2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are complex medical problems that are increasingly encountered. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality with tremendous economic cost. The current review will emphasize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this clinical entity using th...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0733-x
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Variant angina, which is characterized by recurrent chest pain and transient ECG changes along with angiographic evidence of coronary artery spasm, generally has a favorable prognosis. However, episodes of ischemia caused by vasospasm may lead to potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias an...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-018-0963-1
更新日期:2018-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the genetic risk factors for stroke is an essential step to decipher the underlying mechanisms, facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and optimize the design of prevention strategies. A very small proportion of strokes are attributable to monogenic conditions, the vast majority bein...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0804-z
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A natural extension of current imaging paradigms for diagnosing coronary artery disease may well be the integration of CT with myocardial perfusion single-photon CT (SPECT). Although there is a wealth of clinical information regarding the utility of SPECT, the value of CT in the cardiology arena has only recently been...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02938339
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistant hypertension has evolved as an important global health care problem. Primary aldosteronism is one of several potentially reversible causes of resistant hypertension. Primary aldosteronism can be effectively treated, when recognized, with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, such as spironolactone and epl...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11886-011-0224-z
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Fontan operation has been nothing short of revolutionary in its influence on the modern management of patients born with functionally univentricular hearts. The vast majority of these individuals are now surviving well into adulthood. In the 45 years since its introduction, however, there has been increasing recog...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0716-y
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To create awareness for the devastating influence of high cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) on vessel walls. Persons with high LDL-C and a known mutation associated with FH have a 22-fold increase in CVD compared with those with a normal LDL-C and no genetic mutation. If the awareness...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-018-1014-7
更新日期:2018-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:The aim of this review was to discuss the role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for the prognostic stratification of cardiomyopathies, highlighting strengths and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS:CMR is considered as a diagnostic pillar in the management of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Over the l...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-020-01311-3
更新日期:2020-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic embolic complications in patients with cardiomyopathy are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the lack of prospective, randomized control data, the literature supports the use of left ventricular ejection fraction as an important determinant of the need for systemic anticoagulation th...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-000-0006-5
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty thousand Americans suffer an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) annually, one third of whom die as a result. Poorly controlled hypertension is the most important risk factor for ICH. Over time it results in pathologic changes to small intracranial vessels, leading to their rupture. All stroke patients, including tho...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-002-0029-1
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To discuss the mechanisms of iron regulation in the brain and the pathophysiological role of deregulation of iron homeostasis following a stroke, and to review existing evidence supporting the potential role of iron chelators in the treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. RECENT FINDINGS:In rec...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1106-z
更新日期:2019-03-04 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The cardiovascular (CV) risk related to lipid disorders is well established and is based on a robust body of evidence from well-designed randomized clinical trials, as well as prospective observational studies. In the last two decades, significant advances have been made in understanding the genetic b...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1161-5
更新日期:2019-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Controlled clinical trials, performed in more than 13,000 patients, have consistently shown the beneficial effects of long-term beta-blocker therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. However, it is not clear whether this is a class effect or if it is specific only for some agents. Beneficial effects on the progn...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11886-000-0076-4
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although differences diminish with age, outcomes are overall worse for women compared to men who present with suspected acute coronary syndrome. The reasons for this discrepancy are multifactorial, including sex-related differences in atherosclerosis biology and fluid dynamics, as well as a premature conclusion by pro...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0767-0
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This is an in-depth review on the mechanism of action, clinical utility, and drug-drug interactions of colchicine in the management of pericardial disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent evidence about therapeutic targets on pericarditis has demonstrated that NALP3 inflammasome blockade is the cornerstone in...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-018-1008-5
更新日期:2018-06-14 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The goal of this paper is to review present knowledge regarding biological pacemakers created by somatic reprogramming as a platform for mechanistic and metabolic understanding of the rare subpopulation of pacemaker cells, with the ultimate goal of creating biological alternatives to electronic pacing...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-020-01281-6
更新日期:2020-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombolytic therapy aims to achieve rapid and sustained infarct-related artery patency, although this results in a procoagulant state. Heparin has limitations as an antithrombin agent, which has led to clinical investigation of alternative agents. Direct thrombin inhibitors, as adjuncts to thrombolytic therapy, have ...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-999-0021-0
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although rare, sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young is a tragic event, having a dramatic impact upon all involved. The psychosocial burden associated with SCD can leave friends, families, and entire communities bereft. With only limited evidence to describe the volatile emotional reactions associat...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-020-01419-6
更新日期:2020-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::As women with congenital heart disease (CHD) approach childbearing age, issues such as pregnancy and contraception need to be addressed. Women with CHD represent a heterogeneous population. While some have simple cardiac lesions and thus have contraceptive risks that are no different from those of the general populati...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-009-0043-7
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a very common tachyarrhythmia and is becoming increasingly prevalent, while dementia is a neurological condition manifested as loss of memory and cognitive ability. Both these conditions share several common risk factors. It is becoming increasingly evident that AF increases the risk of dem...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-014-0519-y
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium is an essential nutrient, mostly ingested as salt (sodium chloride). Average sodium intake ranges from 3 to 6 g per day (7.5-15 g/day of salt) in most countries, with regional variations. Increasing levels of sodium intake have a positive association with higher blood pressure. Randomized controlled trials repo...
journal_title:Current cardiology reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11886-014-0529-9
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00