[Do the requirements included in the regulation on health and safety at school effectively prevent children from carrying too heavy schoolbags?]

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Excessive spinal load caused by a schoolbag has a major impact on the child's body posture. The National Sanitary Inspector recommends the limit of schoolbag weight as corresponding to 10-15% of the student's weight. The aim of the study was to assess the spinal load of children aged 6-9 years, caused by schoolbags, and to check if it meets the requirements expressed as a percentage of the child's weight. The weight of the items in schoolbags was also established. In addition, parents' awareness about schoolbags and the child's use of additional storage spaces (lockers) were analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Overall, 332 children aged 6-9 years (172 girls, 160 boys) attending selected schools in a city located in the Silesian Voivodeship participated in the study. The study included determining schoolbag weight and presenting it in relation to the child's weight. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for 2 independent variables with non-normally distributed data (the Shapiro-Wilk test). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare >2 independent trials. The level of statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS:An average schoolbag weighted 3.57±0.58 kg. Schoolbag weight did not exceed 15% of the student's weight in 75% of the students; however, the schoolbags of only 17% of the students weighed less than 10% of the student's weight. The heaviest schoolbags were found among first-grade students. The girls had significantly heavier schoolbags compared to the boys (p = 0.037). The students using school lockers had heavier schoolbags than those who left unnecessary items on common shelves in the classroom (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS:The issue of heavy schoolbags remains a challenge for public health decision-makers despite the regulation that requires to provide children with space to leave books at school. The current rules do not effectively prevent children from carrying too heavy schoolbags. It is advisable to take measures to set an absolutely mandatory standard with which schools and students will be required to comply. Med Pr. 2020;71(6):687-97. WSTĘP:Nadmierne obciążenie kręgosłupa tornistrem ma duży wpływ na postawę ciała dziecka. Zgodnie z zaleceniem Głównego Inspektora Sanitarnego (GIS) stosunek masy tornistra do masy ciała (m.c.) dziecka nie powinien być większy niż 10–15% m.c. dziecka. Celem tej pracy była ocena obciążenia dzieci w wieku 6–9 lat tornistrami i skontrolowanie, czy spełniało ono zalecenie wyrażone jako procent masy ciała dziecka. Sprawdzano także masę przyborów szkolnych w plecakach. Dodatkowo analizowano spostrzeżenia rodziców dotyczące tornistrów oraz wykorzystywania dodatkowych miejsc do przechowywania (szafek) przez dzieci. MATERIAŁ I METODY:Badaniem objęto 332 dzieci w wieku od 6 do 9 lat (172 dziewczynki, 160 chłopców) uczęszczających do wybranych szkół na terenie miasta w województwie śląskim. Wykonano pomiary masy tornistrów i odniesiono wyniki do masy ciała uczniów. W przypadku 2 prób niezależnych o rozkładzie odbiegającym od rozkładu normalnego (test Shapiro-Wilka) zastosowano test U Manna-Whitneya. Test Kruskala-Wallisa wykorzystano do porównania wielu prób niezależnych. Za poziom istotności statystycznej przyjęto p = 0,05. WYNIKI:Średnia masa tornistra wynosiła 3,57±0,58 kg. Masa tornistra u 75% uczniów nie przekraczała 15% ich m.c. – zaledwie u 17% badanych była niższa niż 10% m.c. Najcięższe tornistry były noszone przez uczniów klasy I. Dziewczynki miały istotnie cięższe tornistry w porównaniu z tornistrami chłopców (p = 0,037). Dzieci korzystające z osobistych szafek szkolnych nosiły cięższe tornistry niż uczniowie, którzy zostawiali zbędne przedmioty na półkach przeznaczonych dla całej klasy (p = 0,006). WNIOSKI:Ciężkie tornistry to nadal poważny problem i wyzwanie dla decydentów zdrowia publicznego pomimo uregulowania prawnego, które nakazuje szkołom udostępnienie dzieciom miejsca na pozostawianie książek w szkole. Obowiązujące przepisy nie zapewniają bezpieczeństwa dzieci w tym aspekcie. Wskazane jest podjęcie kroków w celu wyznaczenia bezwzględnej normy, do której szkoły i uczniowie będą zobowiązani się dostosować. Med. Pr. 2020;71(6):687–697.

journal_name

Med Pr

journal_title

Medycyna pracy

authors

Malinowska-Borowska J,Flajszok K

doi

10.13075/mp.5893.00998

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-12-03 00:00:00

pages

687-697

issue

6

eissn

0465-5893

issn

2353-1339

pii

124773

journal_volume

71

pub_type

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