Abstract:
:Why lightning sometimes has multiple discharges to ground is an unanswered question. Recently, the observation of small plasma structures on positive leaders re-ignited the search. These small plasma structures were observed as pulsing radio sources along the positive leader length and were named "needles". Needles may be the missing link in explaining why lightning flickers with multiple discharges, but this requires further confirmation. In this work we present the first optical observations of these intriguing plasma structures. Our high-speed videos show needles blinking in slow motion in a sequential mode. We show that they are formed at unsuccessful leader branches, are as bright as the lightning leaders, and report several other optical characteristics.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Saba MMF,de Paiva AR,Concollato LC,Warner TA,Schumann Cdoi
10.1038/s41598-020-74597-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-15 00:00:00pages
17460issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-020-74597-6journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Dissecting the complex molecular interplay between the host plant and invading virus improves our understanding of the mechanisms underlying viral pathogenesis. In this study, immunoprecipitation together with the mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family homolog, Hsc70-2, was c...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22778-9
更新日期:2018-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::A large outbreak of dengue, with the most documented cases, occurred in Guangdong China in 2014. Epidemiological studies and phylogenetic analysis of the isolated dengue virus (DENV) showed this outbreak was attributed to multiple sources and caused by at least two genotypes of DENV-1 (Genotypes I and III) and two gen...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep16913
更新日期:2015-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::An understanding of load sharing among constituent phases aids in designing mechanical properties of multiphase materials. Here we investigate load partitioning between the body-centered-cubic iron matrix and NiAl-type precipitates in a ferritic alloy during uniaxial tensile tests at 364 and 506 °C on multiple length ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep23137
更新日期:2016-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::We study the spin-relaxation time in materials where a large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is present which breaks the spatial inversion symmetry. Such a spin-orbit coupling is realized in zincblende structures and heterostructures with a transversal electric field and the spin relaxation is usually described by the so-ca...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09759-0
更新日期:2017-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid nodules can be classified into benign and malignant tumors. However, distinguishing between these two types of tumors can be challenging in clinics. Since malignant nodules require surgical intervention whereas asymptomatic benign tumors do not, there is an urgent need for new techniques that enable accurate d...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep14869
更新日期:2015-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Hormones and placental factors are thought to underlie the maternal immunological changes during pregnancy. However, as several intestinal microbiota are linked to immune modulations, we hypothesized that the intestinal microbiota are altered during pregnancy in favor of species associated with pregnancy associated im...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28292-2
更新日期:2018-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::There is a huge request for the development of low dielectric constant polymeric materials for microelectronic applications. In thisstudy, polymer blends based on PVA:POZ with low dielectric constant has been fabricated. The results of XRD indicate that crystalline domain is enhanced at higher POZ concentration. Brill...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49715-8
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::A better understanding of the seroprevalence and specificity of influenza HA stem-directed broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in the human population could significantly inform influenza vaccine design efforts. Here, we utilized probes comprising headless, HA stabilized stem (SS) to determine the prevalence, bind...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26538-7
更新日期:2018-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::TRPA1 is a Ca2+-permeable ion channel involved in many sensory disorders such as pain, itch and neuropathy. Notably, the function of TRPA1 depends on Ca2+, with low Ca2+ potentiating and high Ca2+ inactivating TRPA1. However, it remains unknown how Ca2+ exerts such contrasting effects. Here, we show that Ca2+ regulate...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep45098
更新日期:2017-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Coral reefs all over the Indo-Pacific suffer from substantial damage caused by the crown-of-thorns seastar Acanthaster planci, a voracious predator that moves on and between reefs to seek out its coral prey. Chemoreception is thought to guide A. planci. As vision was recently introduced as another sense involved in se...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep30834
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The AB0 blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and periodontal disease, while the Lewis blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease and obesity, all of which have been associated with periodontitis. AB0 or Lewis blood group phenotype may therefore constitute common hereditary compon...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42594-z
更新日期:2019-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::The study of geomagnetic excursions is key for understanding the behavior of the magnetic field of the Earth. In this paper, we present the geomagnetic record in a 2.29-m-long continuous core sampled in a flowstone in Liguria (Italy) and dated to the Lower Brunhes. The cored flowstone developed from Marine Isotopic St...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38350-4
更新日期:2019-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosinase efficiently catalyzes the ortho-hydroxylation of monophenols and the oxidation of diphenols without any additional cofactors. Although it is of significant interest for the biosynthesis of catechol derivatives, the rapid catechol oxidase activity and inactivation of tyrosinase have hampered its practical ut...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17635-0
更新日期:2017-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of various molecules on the surface of cancer cells compared to normal cells creates a platform for the generation of various drug vehicles for targeted therapy. Multiple interactions between ligands and their receptors mediated by targeting peptide-modified polymer could enable simultaneous delivery of a d...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21910-z
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although anxiety disorders (ADs) have been recognized as one of the most prevalent mental disorders in mainland China, the prevalence of ADs has not been reported until now. The lack of a consolidated and comparable review on the prevalence of ADs in mainland China necessitated this meta-analysis to measure the preval...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/srep28033
更新日期:2016-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate theoretically that photon-photon attraction can be engineered in the continuum of scattering states for pairs of photons propagating in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with cold atoms. The atoms are regularly spaced in an optical lattice configuration and the photons are resonantly tuned to ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep25630
更新日期:2016-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Assassin bugs (Reduvioidea) are one of the most diverse (>7,000 spp.) lineages of predatory animals and have evolved an astounding diversity of raptorial leg modifications for handling prey. The evolution of these modifications is not well understood due to the lack of a robust phylogeny, especially at deeper nodes. W...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep22177
更新日期:2016-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Savant syndrome is a phenomenon whereby individuals with cognitive impairments have one or more outstanding abilities, inconsistent with their general intellectual functioning. Approximately 50% of savant individuals have autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and 10-30% of people with ASD have savant skills. To shed additio...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59209-7
更新日期:2020-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Majority of novel X-ray crystal structures of proteins are currently solved using the anomalous diffraction signal provided by selenium after incorporation of selenomethionine instead of natural methionine by genetic engineering methods. However, selenium can be inserted into protein crystals in the form of selenourea...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep37123
更新日期:2016-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::A major limitation hindering the widespread use of synthetic phages in medical and industrial settings is the lack of an efficient phage-engineering platform. Classical T4 phage engineering and several newly proposed methods are often inefficient and time consuming and consequently, only able to produce an inconsisten...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75426-6
更新日期:2020-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Successful immunity requires that a limited pool of αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) provide cover for a vast number of potential foreign peptide antigens presented by 'self' major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecules. Structures of unligated and ligated MHC class-I-restricted TCRs with different ligands, supplemente...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep00629
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dysfunction of energy metabolism is involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study was designed to investigate the potential of astragaloside IV (ASIV), an active ingredient of Radix Astragalus, to ameliorate colonic mucosal injury, with focusing on the implication of energy restoration in the underlying mec...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep41832
更新日期:2017-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::At least 16 nutrient elements are required by plants for growth and survival, but the factors affecting element concentration and their temporal evolution are poorly understood. The objective was to investigate i) element concentration pattern in winter wheat as affected by crop developmental stage and weather, and ii...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep35958
更新日期:2016-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Nanodidamonds containing colour centres open up many applications in quantum information processing, metrology, and quantum sensing. However, controlling the synthesis of nanodiamonds containing silicon vacancy (SiV) centres is still not well understood. Here we study nanodiamonds produced by a high-pressure high-temp...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21953-2
更新日期:2018-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of biomaterials and stem cells for clinical applications constitute a great challenge in bone tissue engineering. Hence, cellular networks derived from cells-biomaterials crosstalk have a profound influence on cell behaviour and communication, preceding proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73428-y
更新日期:2020-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Up to now, a very few catalysts have been developed approaching the heterogeneous catalytic degradation of Eosin Y and Chromotrope 2R dyes (Acid Red 29). The present study provides a complete perspective of recyclable nanocomposite Au(Salen)@CC for catalytic degradation of hazardous water pollutant dyes viz., Eosin Y ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07707-6
更新日期:2017-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::The loss of retinal pericytes (RPCs) is a hallmark of early stage diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the mechanism underlying RPC death is unclear. Although it was postulated in previous studies using bovine RPCs that autoantibodies against RPCs might develop and induce RPC death, it is unknown whether autoantibodies agai...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep20341
更新日期:2016-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::We report localised-surface-plasmon (LSP) enhanced deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (deep-UV LEDs) using Al nanoparticles for LSP coupling. Polygonal Al nanoparticles were fabricated on the top surfaces of the deep-UV LEDs using the oblique-angle deposition method. Both the top- and bottom-emission electrolumine...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep04380
更新日期:2014-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic hepatitis viral infection, alcoholic intoxication, and obesity cause liver fibrosis, which progresses to decompensated liver cirrhosis, a disease for which medical demands cannot be met. Since there are currently no approved anti-fibrotic therapies for established liver fibrosis, the development of novel modal...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43298-0
更新日期:2019-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::The androgen receptor (AR) regulates male sexual development. We have now investigated AR homodimerization, hormone-dependent monomerization and nuclear translocation in PC-3 and COS-1 cells, by utilizing mutations associated with the androgen insensitivity syndrome: Pro767Ala, Phe765Leu, Met743Val and Trp742Arg. AR w...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53139-9
更新日期:2019-11-13 00:00:00