Abstract:
:Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are a class of secondary metabolites usually produced by microorganisms. They are of paramount importance in different applications, including biocontrol and pharmacy. Brevibacillus spp. are a rich source of NRPs yet have received little attention. In this study, we characterize four novel bogorol variants (bogorols I to L, cationic linear lipopeptides) and four succilins (succilins I to L, containing a succinyl group that is attached to the Orn3/Lys3 in bogorols I to L) from the biocontrol strain Brevibacillus laterosporus MG64. Further investigation revealed that the bogorol family of peptides employs an adenylation pathway for lipoinitiation, different from the usual pattern, which is based on an external ligase and coenzyme A. Moreover, the formation of valinol was proven to be mediated by a terminal reductase domain and a reductase encoded by the bogI gene. Furthermore, succinylation, which is a novel type of modification in the family of bogorols, was discovered. Its occurrence requires a high concentration of the substrate (bogorols), but its responsible enzyme remains unknown. Bogorols display potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Investigation of their mode of action reveals that bogorols form pores in the cell membrane of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The combination of bogorols and relacidines, another class of NRPs produced by B. laterosporus MG64, displays a synergistic effect on different pathogens, suggesting the great potential of both peptides as well as their producer B. laterosporus MG64 for broad applications. Our study provides a further understanding of the bogorol family of peptides as well as their applications.IMPORTANCE NRPs form a class of secondary metabolites with biocontrol and pharmaceutical potential. This work describes the identification of novel bogorol variants and succinylated bogorols (namely, succilins) and further investigates their biosynthetic pathway and mode of action. Adenylation domain-mediated lipoinitiation of bogorols represents a novel pathway by which NRPs incorporate fatty acid tails. This pathway provides the possibility to engineer the lipid tail of NRPs without identifying a fatty acid coenzyme ligase, which is usually not present in the biosynthetic gene cluster. The terminal reductase domain (TD) and BogI-mediated valinol formation and their effect on the biological activity of bogorols are revealed. Succinylation, which is rarely reported in NRPs, was discovered in the bogorol family of peptides. We demonstrate that bogorols combat bacterial pathogens by forming pores in the cell membrane. We also report the synergistic effect of two natural products (relacidine B and bogorol K) produced by the same strain, which is relevant for competition for a niche.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Li Z,de Vries RH,Chakraborty P,Song C,Zhao X,Scheffers DJ,Roelfes G,Kuipers OPdoi
10.1128/AEM.01981-20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-24 00:00:00issue
24eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.01981-20journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Seawater used in mariculture has been suspected of being a potential source of infection. In this study, the lethal effects of low-amperage electric treatment on microorganisms were examined in natural seawater and in seawater inoculated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In both cases, bacteria including V. parahaemolytic...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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doi:10.1128/aem.69.4.2405-2408.2003
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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doi:10.1128/AEM.54.2.555-560.1988
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.58.9.2806-2814.1992
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4367-4373.1995
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.2.466-472.1988
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.37.5.924-927.1979
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.4.1696-1702.1999
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.36.5.688-692.1978
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.8.2370-2373.1990
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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