The wild grape genome sequence provides insights into the transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism during grape domestication.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:A key step in domestication of the grapevine was the transition from separate sexes (dioecy) in wild Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris (V. sylvestris) to hermaphroditism in cultivated Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa (V. vinifera). It is known that V. sylvestris has an XY system and V. vinifera a modified Y haplotype (Yh) and that the sex locus is small, but it has not previously been precisely characterized. RESULTS:We generate a high-quality de novo reference genome for V. sylvestris, onto which we map whole-genome re-sequencing data of a cross to locate the sex locus. Assembly of the full X, Y, and Yh haplotypes of V. sylvestris and V. vinifera sex locus and examining their gene content and expression profiles during flower development in wild and cultivated accessions show that truncation and deletion of tapetum and pollen development genes on the X haplotype likely causes male sterility, while the upregulation of a Y allele of a cytokinin regulator (APRT3) may cause female sterility. The downregulation of this cytokinin regulator in the Yh haplotype may be sufficient to trigger reversal to hermaphroditism. Molecular dating of X and Y haplotypes is consistent with the sex locus being as old as the Vitis genus, but the mechanism by which recombination was suppressed remains undetermined. CONCLUSIONS:We describe the genomic and evolutionary characterization of the sex locus of cultivated and wild grapevine, providing a coherent model of sex determination in the latter and for transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism during domestication.

journal_name

Genome Biol

journal_title

Genome biology

authors

Badouin H,Velt A,Gindraud F,Flutre T,Dumas V,Vautrin S,Marande W,Corbi J,Sallet E,Ganofsky J,Santoni S,Guyot D,Ricciardelli E,Jepsen K,Käfer J,Berges H,Duchêne E,Picard F,Hugueney P,Tavares R,Bacilieri R,Rustenh

doi

10.1186/s13059-020-02131-y

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-09-07 00:00:00

pages

223

issue

1

eissn

1474-7596

issn

1474-760X

pii

10.1186/s13059-020-02131-y

journal_volume

21

pub_type

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