Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:The development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) axis has transformed the treatment paradigm in non-small-cell lung cancer, bringing about unprecedented 5-year survival rates. Despite this dramatic improvement, roughly 70% of patients do not derive durable benefit from these treatments, illustrating the need for predictive biomarkers. AREAS COVERED:In this review, we will discuss what makes a successful biomarker and analyze the role and significance of currently available options, including PD-L1, oncogenic alterations and tumor mutation burden. We then discuss potential biomarkers on the horizon, including the microbiome, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, gene signatures and the emerging field of multiomics. EXPERT OPINION:To date, only PD-L1 is clinically validated as a positive predictor of response to immunotherapy, yet the need to refine patient selection has never been stronger, given the indication for checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination in all non-oncogene driven non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving front-line therapy. Prospective validation of the above-mentioned potential biomarkers, either alone or in combination, may help to elaborate improved predictive tools.
journal_name
Expert Rev Anticancer Therjournal_title
Expert review of anticancer therapyauthors
Alex F,Alfredo Adoi
10.1080/14737140.2020.1816173subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-01 00:00:00pages
931-937issue
11eissn
1473-7140issn
1744-8328journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Increased cancer risk after renal transplantation is believed to be a consequence of continuous immunosuppression. However, the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) after renal transplantation is controversial and has received limited study. Accumulating evidence suggests that colon and rectal cancers have different charac...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.8.8.1339
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a major source of cancer morbidity and mortality, despite advances in surgical and chemotherapeutic management. The molecular pathways that control angiogenesis have been demonstrated to be key to the pathogenesis of EOC, and have been shown to have prognostic significance. Incr...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.8.1.21
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fludarabine is a prodrug that is converted to the free nucleoside 9-beta-D-arabinosyl-2-fluoroadenine (F-ara-A), which enters cells and accumulates mainly as the 5'-triphosphate, F-ara-ATP. F-ara-ATP has multiple mechanisms of action, which are mostly directed toward DNA. Collectively, these actions affect DNA synthes...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.6.9.1141
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Metastatic prostate cancer is a life-threatening disease and an important public health concern with prevalence rates varying drastically between high- and low-income countries. Androgen-deprivation therapy alone has been the first-line treatment option for decades, temporarily controlling disease until in...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737140.2020.1785289
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Today dermoscopy is standard-of-care in the diagnosis and management of patients with benign and malignant skin tumors because it increases the diagnostic accuracy of skin lesions compared to the naked-eye examination up to 25%. Despite its role in the routine dermato-oncology, it increasingly gained interest as a bri...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.2016.1168700
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymph node dissection in bladder cancer is an integral part of radical cystectomy. It allows for accurate staging of the patient and will, therefore, serve to dictate additional treatment and add prognostic information. The issue of what is an adequate lymphadenectomy as to the extent and boundaries of the operation, ...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/era.09.147
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anticancer therapy relies on targeting highly proliferative cells. Commonly used chemotherapy does not selectively target individual cancer cells. The identification of distinct cancer stem cells that have the unique ability to engraft tumors and maintain cancer self-renewal may prove vital in the development of novel...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/era.13.17
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder comprises a spectrum of illnesses ranging from nonmuscle-invasive to muscle-invasive to advanced/metastatic disease. Each of these clinical states is characterized by a unique pathogenesis, prognosis and approach to treatment. However, given the heterogeneity of urothelial carcinoma...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/era.12.141
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been evident for some time that individuals from some families exhibit a genetic predisposition to breast cancer. Since the discovery of the first breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1 in the 1990s, much work has been carried out to identify further breast cancer susceptibility genes. This has led to the ide...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/era.09.38
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, patients diagnosed with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have had poor survival rates. In recent years there have been significant advances in the treatment of CRPC. In addition to cytotoxic chemotherapy, treating physicians and their patients now have the option of several new agents that tar...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/era.12.59
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrogliomas are primary brain tumors, genetically characterized by chromosomal alterations in the 1p and 19q. Recent clinical trials have shown that oligodendrogliomas are sensitive to PCV chemotherapy with 60-65% of patients responding and median response duration of 1-1.5 years. The response rate in mixed oli...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.2.5.520
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer are improving, with better understanding and use of targeted therapies. Areas covered: A review of the literature and recent conference presentations was undertaken on the topic of systemic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. This article reviews the current ...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737140.2018.1502664
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the introduction of orally-active, potent and selective third-generation aromatase inhibitors and inactivators--anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane--approaches to the treatment of advanced breast cancer are undergoing re-evaluation. In advanced breast cancer, aromatase inhibitors and inactivators are likely to ...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.2.3.267
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound not only provide strategies to diagnose and stage malignancy, but also to administer palliative and definitive care. Options for anticancer therapy include endoscopic mucosal resection, photodynamic therapy, thermal therapy, self-expanding metal stents and recently,...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.5.4.705
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed world, and its incidence is increasing. Mortality from this cancer has not improved in recent decades and is primarily driven by high-grade carcinomas that are more likely to present at an advanced stage and ultimately are more l...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737140.2018.1491311
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:PI3K inhibitors are an important new therapeutic option for the treatment of relapsed and refractory B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Idelalisib is a PI3Kδ inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the relapsed/refractory setting, and several other PI3K...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737140.2017.1285702
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The success of the immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma has reinvigorated the field of immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are now the standard of care in multiple cancer types including lung cancer, head and neck cancer, urothelial cancer and renal cell cancer. The field of immunotherapy is cu...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737140.2017.1341315
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary complications of antineoplastic therapy are common and are an important cause of respiratory morbidity. The pulmonary toxicity should be taken into account in every patient with respiratory problems who is or has been treated with antineoplastic agents. The diagnosis of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity is com...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.2013.817684
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia has become increasingly difficult over the last few years since there are a variety of treatment options available. The ultimate challenge is to decide the most appropriate treatment strategy for an individual patient. To facilitate this, assessment of an individual...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.5.2.343
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of renal tumors has evolved rapidly over the last two decades, with the ascendance of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS), largely spurred by the increased incidental detection of small renal masses (SRMs) and evidence that preservation of renal parenchyma reduces the risk of chronic kidney disease. The field...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.8.12.1899
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crizotinib (XALKORI™, Pfizer) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting ALK, MET and ROS1, currently approved for the treatment of adults with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. Optimizing the management of frequent crizotinib-related adverse events is crucial to ensure its continuous administration and reprodu...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.2014.986103
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Raloxifene is a member of a family of drugs known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Raloxifene is currently approved by the FDA for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. SERMs hold the potential to treat and prevent breast cancer, osteoporosis and coronary heart disease...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737140.1.3.334
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurocognitive function (NCF) impairment is an important component of primary and metastatic brain tumors and their therapeutic interventions. As a result, modern clinical trials of cranial irradiation for adult cancer patients have incorporated NCF testing as a primary or secondary end point. In doing so, these clini...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/era.12.34
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, cytokine therapy has been the only validated option for patients with advanced renal cancer. IFN-alpha is one of very few treatments that have demonstrated improved median survival compared with the appropriate control. In patients with synchronous metastases at diagnosis, debulking nephrectomy prior t...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.8.6.907
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth, proliferation and metastasis with the crucial role of Vascular Endothelial Growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Ramucirumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the extracellular domain of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2. Areas covered: We per...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737140.2016.1241147
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths with a 5-year survival of 4-6%. Clinical challenges remain to be addressed, since few promising approaches to treat pancreatic cancer have been reported. Here we discuss the potential of a new biotherapeutic agent composed of a lysosomal protein (Saposin C...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1586/14737140.2014.895937
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interview by Sophia Maprayil and Alexandra Hemsley, Commissioning Editors Chris Twelves is a medical oncologist and leads the Section of Oncology and Clinical Research at Cancer Research UK's Clinical Centre at St James's Hospital, Leeds. His particular interest lies in new drug development and clinical pharmacology; ...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 面试
doi:10.1586/era.13.3
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas radical cystectomy is the standard of care in high-grade, invasive bladder tumors, the extent of lymphadenectomy and its diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential is controversial. Independent predictors for lymph node involvement are T-stage, histological grading and lymphovascular invasion. Preoperative assess...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.6.6.871
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer represents a major health problem, with more than a million new cases and 370,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Options and understanding of how to use cytotoxic chemotherapy in both advanced and early stage breast cancer have made substantial progress in the past 10 years, with numerous landmark studies iden...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737140.5.6.1095
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ca(2+) influx at critical points in the cell cycle is required for proliferation. This requirement is so ubiquitous that its occurrence is often treated as background noise. Yet without it, cells stop dividing, suggesting an obvious and potentially effective way to treat cancer. To control proliferation by controlling...
journal_title:Expert review of anticancer therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/era.13.34
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00