Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:COVID-19 disease progresses through a number of distinct phases. The management of each phase is unique and specific. The pulmonary phase of COVID-19 is characterized by an organizing pneumonia with profound immune dysregulation, activation of clotting, and a severe microvascular injury culminating in severe hypoxemia. The core treatment strategy to manage the pulmonary phase includes the combination of methylprednisolone, ascorbic acid, thiamine, and heparin (MATH+ protocol). The rationale for the MATH+ protocol is reviewed in this paper. AREAS COVERED:We provide an overview on the pathophysiological changes occurring in patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure and a treatment strategy to reverse these changes thereby preventing progressive lung injury and death. EXPERT OPINION:While there is no single 'Silver Bullet' to cure COVID-19, we believe that the severely disturbed pathological processes leading to respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 organizing pneumonia will respond to the combination of Methylprednisone, Ascorbic acid, Thiamine, and full anticoagulation with Heparin (MATH+ protocol).We believe that it is no longer ethically acceptable to limit management to 'supportive care' alone, in the face of effective, safe, and inexpensive medications that can effectively treat this disease and thereby reduce the risk of complications and death.
journal_name
Expert Rev Anti Infect Therjournal_title
Expert review of anti-infective therapyauthors
Marik PE,Kory P,Varon J,Iglesias J,Meduri GUdoi
10.1080/14787210.2020.1808462subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-18 00:00:00pages
1-7eissn
1478-7210issn
1744-8336pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In recent decades, the incidence of aspergillosis, candidiasis and clinically important deep mycoses has been increasing, with advances in transplantation medicine and anticancer chemotherapy. Micafungin (FK463, Fujisawa Healthcare) has been developed as a novel type of antifungal agent, which inhibits 1,3-beta-D-gluc...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2.3.345
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and septic encephalitis (SE) are associated with increased mortality, long-term cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits. AREAS COVERED:The PUBMED database was searched 2016-2020. The clinical manifestation of SAE is delirium, SE additionally is characte...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1812384
更新日期:2020-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::In 2013, an estimated 1.5 million HIV-positive pregnant women gave birth, with 240,000 children worldwide acquiring HIV. More than 90% of new pediatric infections occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa. The latest WHO guidelines recommended efavirenz (EFV)-based antiretroviral therapy as the first-line regimen for prevention ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2016.1116383
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Drug-resistant tuberculous meningitis has been reported worldwide. Isoniazid mono-resistance is the most frequent cause of drug-resistant tuberculous meningitis, a life-threatening disease. Extensive drug-resistant tuberculous meningitis has also been reported in some isolated case reports. Areas covered: ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1540930
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a disease that plagues both humans and various animal species. Effective vaccines are available, but those approved for human use are crude culture supernatants that require multiple injections and a yearly boost. Many experts agree that it is now time for the next...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.7.2.219
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The advent, more than two decades ago, of monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has revolutionized the therapeutic approach to otherwise difficult-to-treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, due to the pleiotropic functions played by this pro-inflam...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1544490
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pneumocystis pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening pulmonary infection that occurs in immunocompromised individuals and HIV-infected patients with a low CD4 cell count. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been used as the first-line agent for treatment, but mutations within dihydropteroate synthase gen...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2017.1364991
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteremias represent severe infectious complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Frequency is highest during the pre-engraftment period, both in autologous and in allogeneic HSCT, when patients are granulocytopenic. In the postengraftment period, bacteremias are also frequent in the abse...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.09.35
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis is responsible for more then 2 million deaths worldwide each year and vies with HIV as the world's most fatal infectious disease. In many developing countries, attempts to control the spread of infection rely solely on identification and treatment of those with active disease, ignoring subclinical infecti...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.6.981
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection is associated with intensive care admissions, morbidity, and mortality. Our study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and patient outcomes of CRE in the ICU units. METHODS:This was a retrospective matched case-control study of patients admi...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1822736
更新日期:2020-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Coinfection with hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients has been reported in 15-70% of patients depending on the mode of acquisition of both viruses. As recent advances in HIV-directed antiviral therapy have markedly delayed HIV progression and mortality, the incidence of complications arising from hepatitis C-associate...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.1.3.433
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: In the current scenario, COVID-19 is a clinical and public health problem globally. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains the causative agent, emerged in China and continuously spreading across the globe. Until now, no efficient therapeutics have been approved, which combat...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2021.1860020
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including also methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Ceftobiprole is approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), excluding ventilator...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1667229
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrhea is the second largest cause of mortality worldwide in children from the perinatal period to the age of 5 years. Rotavirus has been the most commonly identified viral cause of diarrhea in children. Norovirus is now recognized as the second most common viral pathogen. Adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus are th...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.10.1
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of anaerobic infection needs to be prompt and appropriate in order to ensure recovery. Management includes the use of hyperbaric oxygen, surgical methods and antimicrobial therapy. Various factors, such as efficacy, bacterial antimicrobial resistance, ability to reach appropriate antimicrobial levels at...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2.1.153
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 49th Annual Spring Meeting of the British Society of Parasitology was held at Nottingham University, UK, on 11-14 April 2011. Although a meeting of a national parasitological society, the meeting attracted approximately 375 delegates from 30 countries worldwide. Of the various themes at this meeting, two were focu...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type:
doi:10.1586/eri.11.62
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive candidiasis, including candidemia (IC/C), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. While incidence is higher in intensive care units, the majority of cases of candidemia are documented in medical wards. Although Candida albicans is still the most frequently isolated species, IC...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1029916
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ceftobiprole is among the first of a new generation of cephalosporins with activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, which extends to cefepime-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and activity against Gram-positive organisms, which includes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ceftobiprole is currently unde...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.09.54
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus is a large DNA virus that is well-equipped to evade both innate and adaptive host immune responses and to establish lifelong latency. It is a major opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. Following allogeneic transplantation, immune responses are often inadequate to inhibit viral react...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2.4.559
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::TB is typically caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a symbiotic bacterium present in one-third of the world's population. There any many factors triggering overt clinical disease in a small proportion of humans. In our view the major role in the process is played by the host's immune response, especially self-direct...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.12.1
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the nail bed, matrix or plate. It accounts for roughly 50% of all nail disease. As the prevalence of onychomycosis is increasing, a critical review of diagnostic techniques and treatment options is required. Areas covered: This review discusses the current dia...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1544891
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease of the CNS. Intracranial neurocysticercosis is classified into cerebral parenchymal and extraparenchymal forms (subarachnoidal and intraventricular). Current medical therapy for parenchymal and extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis invovles the use of anticysticerc...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14787210.6.4.435
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Herpes zoster (HZ) or shingles occurs as a result of reactivation after a primary infection with varicella zoster virus (chickenpox). The burden of HZ in older adults in China is not well understood. We conducted a systematic literature review to understand the burden of disease related to HZ, its complica...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1792290
更新日期:2020-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Neurocysticercosis is a major cause of neurologic disease worldwide. In India and other developing countries, single small enhancing computed tomographic lesions representing solitary cysticercus granuloma are a common cause of new-onset seizures. The interesting feature of these solitary enhancing lesions is their sp...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14787210.6.1.15
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) accounts for almost a quarter of the world population, and, in 5-10% of the subjects with impaired immune-response against M. tuberculosis growth, it may progress to active tuberculosis (TB). In this review, we focus on the need to propose a screening for LTBI including...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1483238
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common health care problem, yet many aspects of this diagnosis remain poorly understood. Its etiology is often debated and remains a significant area of research. The diagnosis of CRS is based on subjective symptoms, duration of symptoms and objective evidence of inflammation. Each of...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.12.151
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reviews the epidemiology, natural history and the current status of treatment of HIV/hepatitis B coinfection. ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.2.229
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cationic antimicrobial peptides are a novel type of antibiotic offering much potential in the treatment of microbial-related diseases. They offer many advantages for commercial development, including a broad spectrum of action and modest size. However, despite the identification or synthetic production of thousands of...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.5.6.951
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fixed dose combination of abacavir with lamivudine represents a new treatment option for patients infected with HIV. Fixed dose combination abacavir/lamivudine has the convenience of one pill and once-daily dosing. It achieves comparable suppression of plasma HIV RNA with the pill's individual components dosed twi...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.6.871
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne enveloped positive-strand RNA virus that emerged in North America in 1999 in New York City. Over the past 15 years, WNV has become established throughout the USA and has spread into Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. CDC reports indicate >41,000 clinical cases, including more t...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1007043
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00