Abstract:
:The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 that uses ACE2 as its receptor. Drugs that raise serum/tissue ACE2 levels include ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) that are commonly used in patients with hypertension, cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes. These comorbidities have adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients that might result from pharmacotherapy. Increasing ACE2 could potentially increase the risk of infection, severity or mortality in COVID-19 or it might be protective as it forms angiotensin-(1-7) which exhibits anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative effects and prevents diabetes- and/or hypertension-induced end-organ damage. Thus, there existed clinical uncertainty. Here, we review studies implicating 15 classes of drugs in increasing ACE2 levels in vivo and the available literature on the clinical safety of these drugs in COVID-19 patients. Further, in a re-analysis of clinical data from a meta-analysis of 9 studies, we show that ACEIs/ARBs usage was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Literature suggests that ACEIs/ARBs usage generally appears to be clinically safe though their use in severe COVID-19 patients might increase the risk of acute renal injury. For definitive clarity, further clinical and mechanistic studies are needed in assessing the safety of all classes of ACE2 raising medications.
journal_name
J Drug Targetjournal_title
Journal of drug targetingauthors
Akhtar S,Benter IF,Danjuma MI,Doi SAR,Hasan SS,Habib AMdoi
10.1080/1061186X.2020.1797754subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-01 00:00:00pages
683-699issue
7-8eissn
1061-186Xissn
1029-2330journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The present work describes the potential for using lectin-conjugated gliadin nanoparticles as a means of locating and anchoring a drug delivery system on the carbohydrate receptors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Gliadin nanoparticles (GNP) bearing acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) were prepared by a desolvation method. ...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10611860310001647771
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abstract::Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) is second generation smarter drug carrier system having solid matrix at room temperature. This carrier system is made up of physiological, biodegradable and biocompatible lipid materials and surfactants and is accepted by regulatory authorities for application in different drug deliv...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/1061186X.2015.1076428
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abstract::Present work describes a novel composition for encapsulating TRPsiRNA (TRPV1-targeting siRNA) within lipid-matrix (4:1::glyceryl behnate:stearic acid) of SLNs, using suitably modified cold high-pressure homogenisation technique. Optimisation of the method and composition conducted using calf-thymus DNA (ctDNA), to avo...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/1061186X.2013.878944
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Necrosis avid agents (NAAs) can be used for diagnose of necrosis-related diseases, evaluation of therapeutic responses and targeted therapeutics of tumor. In order to probe into the effects of molecular skeleton structure on necrosis targeting and clearance properties of radioiodinated dianthrones, four dianthrone com...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
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doi:10.3109/1061186X.2015.1113541
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The aim of the present study was to develop a polymeric delivery system for water-insoluble drug oridonin. Amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL-PEO-PCL), were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone initiated by the hydroxyl ...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10611860802200938
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only FDA approved medical treatment for the ischaemic stroke. However, it associates with some inevitable limitations, including: short therapeutic window, extremely short half-life and low penetration in large clots. Systemic administration may lead to complications such as h...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1061186X.2017.1365874
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel concept in drug delivery discussed here, takes advantage of certain properties of the drug "containers" cyclodextrins and liposomes to combine them into a single system thus circumventing problems associated with both systems. The concept, entailing entrapment of water-soluble cyclodextrin-drug inclusion compl...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10611869408996821
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, considerable interest has been focussed on the use of biodegradable polymers for specialized applications such as controlled release of drug formulations; meanwhile, microsphere drug delivery systems using various kinds of biodegradable polymers have been studied extensively during the past two decades. In t...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10611860400010630
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abstract::We hypothesized that immunoliposomes (ILs) constructed using Fab' from the humanized anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, EMD72000, can provide efficient intracellular drug delivery in EGFR-overexpressing colorectal tumor cells.ILs were constructed modularly with various MAb fragments, including Fab' from EMD72000 (matuzuma...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
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doi:10.1080/10611860600691049
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/1061186X.2016.1144059
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A promising strategy to carry genetic material to brain cells either in vitro or in vivo is using the LDL receptor (LDLr) on blood-brain barrier. LDLr naturally help to low density lipoproteins (LDL(S)) transporting across the BBB by endocytosis. Here we present the idea of using the LDLr-mediated pathway for transpor...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10611860601148908
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assesses a protective effect of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQT1 (a mixture of 10-(6'-toluquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium and 10-(5'-toluquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium in proportion of 1.4:1), using an open focal trauma model of the rat brain sensorimotor cortex and a model of amyloid-beta...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/1061186X.2014.997736
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10611861003667607
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1061186021000038373
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/1061186X.2010.526228
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1061186X.2016.1200588
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10611861003599479
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10611860802230240
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiolabeled cytochrome c (Cyt c), either as a free protein or as cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugates, was tested for cellular uptake and nuclear transport in Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and HeLa cells. Conjugation of Cyt c with either the amphipathic peptide model amphipathic peptide (MAP) or the ...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/1061186X.2011.649481
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclodextrins (CDs) are macrocyclic oligosaccharides composed of α(1,4)-linked glucopyranose subunits. These molecules possess a cage-like supramolecular structure, comparable with the structures of crown ethers, cryptands, spherands, cyclophanes, or calixarenes. However, it took 50 years to establish the molecular st...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::I125 radiolabelled HSA (HSA-I125) was utilised as a probe to quantify protein adsorption onto polystyrene (PS) and Poloxamine 908 coated PS (PS-908) particles. Upon ageing of the HSA-I125 a dramatic increase in the amount of protein adsorbed onto the two particle systems was observed. This phenomenon was not due to la...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10611869708995849
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the advantages of drug delivery through skin, transdermal drug delivery is only used with a small subset of drugs because most compounds cannot cross the skin at therapeutically useful rates. Recently, a new concept known as microneedle was introduced and could be used to pierce effectively to deliver drugs us...
journal_title:Journal of drug targeting
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00