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Do Exercises Prevent Falls Among Older Adults: Where Are We Now? A Systematic Review.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether single interventions (SI), multifactorial interventions (MI), or multiple component interventions (MCI) including vitamin D supplementation prevent the incidence of falls and fall risk factors among older adults who are community-dwelling or living in long-term care facilities. DESIGN:Systematic review. METHODS:PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Cochrane were searched with restrictions applied to publication year (2015‒2019) and language (limited to studies published in English). After duplicate removal and title and abstract screening, 2 authors independently identified eligible studies on the basis of inclusion criteria. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed. RESULTS:Thirty-four studies were included after screening titles and abstracts from 855 citations and 129 full-text articles. Thirteen randomized-controlled trials and clinical trials (5 on MI, 1 on MCI, and 7 on SI) including 2232 participants and 21 systematic reviews (assessing SI, MI, MCI, or all) were extracted for qualitative synthesis. Fifteen out of 20 studies that reported outcomes on falls rate found a significant reduction. Seventeen out of 23 studies with outcomes on fall risk factors concluded a significant improvement. Five studies found no significant differences in falls incidence, and 5 studies found no significant differences in fall risks. One study reported worsened outcomes, including poorer balance. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS:Although results are inconclusive, SI, MI, and MCI involving exercises may prevent falls. Vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial alongside exercise; however, whether vitamin D use consistently reduces falls incidence or fall risks remains uncertain. Exercises that are individually tailored to participants' capabilities and risks may be the most effective falls prevention interventions. Implementation may reduce medical costs and improve quality of life for older adults who are community-dwelling or are living in long-term care facilities.

journal_name

J Am Med Dir Assoc

journal_title

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

authors

Senderovich H,Tsai PM

doi

10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.010

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-09-01 00:00:00

pages

1197-1206.e2

issue

eissn

1525-8610

issn

1538-9375

pii

S1525-8610(20)30412-6

journal_volume

pub_type

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Do Exercises Prevent Falls Among Older Adults: Where Are We Now? A Systematic Review.