Abstract：
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is one of the most common inflammatory rheumatologic condition occurring in older adults. It is characterized by proximal pain and stiffness in the shoulders, neck, and/or pelvic girdle in individuals over 50 years of age along with evidence of an intense systemic inflammatory response. Although the above clinical symptoms are very characteristic for the condition, it can be mimicked by other autoimmune, infectious, malignant, and endocrine disorders chief among which are giant cell arteritis (GCA) and elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA). Recently, PMR was reported in relation to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Current treatment of PMR consists of low-to-medium doses of glucocorticosteroids (GC) with variable response rates and disease recurrence estimated to occur in 50% of patients while tapering down GC doses. In addition, GC-based regimens cause much of the morbidity associated with PMR in older adults, requiring close monitoring for GC-induced toxicity during therapy and highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the latest findings in the field regarding specific etiologic factors, genetic associations, diagnostic methods, and advancements in treatment strategies and disease monitoring indices. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent discoveries involving novel therapeutic targets in GCA have accelerated the study of PMR pathophysiology and have advanced treatment strategies in PMR management leading to current trials in IL-6 blocking agents. PMR remains an enigmatic inflammatory condition affecting older adults, with current treatment approach causing much morbidity in this patient population. Advancements in our understanding of novel immunopathologic targets can serve as a solid foundation for future treatment strategies in the field.
journal_name
Curr Rheumatol Repjournal_title
Current rheumatology reportsauthors
Gazitt T,Zisman D,Gardner Gdoi
10.1007/s11926-020-00919-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-19 00:00:00pages
40issue
8eissn
1523-3774issn
1534-6307pii
10.1007/s11926-020-00919-2journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) plays a critical role in the development of tissue fibrosis. Its expression is consistently elevated in affected organs and correlates with increased extracellular matrix deposition. During the last few years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the molecular a...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-002-0010-4
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, as well as other rheumatic conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and ankylosing spondylitis, comprise a heterogeneous group of joint disorders that are all associated with extra-articular side effects, including bone loss and fractures. The con...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-012-0252-8
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Several biologic drugs are available for treatment of immune-mediated diseases, and the number of children treated with biologics is increasing. This review summarises current knowledge about the safety and immunogenicity of vaccines in children treated with biologic therapy. RECENT FINDINGS:A recent...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-020-00905-8
更新日期：2020-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Ayurvedic medicine is the traditional medicine of India, which originated over 5,000 years ago. Parts of this alternative medical system have become increasingly popular worldwide as patients seek approaches to medical care that they perceive as more holistic and less toxic than those offered by conventional Western m...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-014-0435-6
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiphospholipid syndrome is an important cause of neurologic morbidity. The clinical criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome include only cerebrovascular arterial and venous thrombosis, but many other neurologic manifestations have been associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). This review discusses the role ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-007-0004-3
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Macrophages play key roles in tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance, mobilizing immune activation in response to microbial invasion and promoting wound healing to repair damaged tissue. However, failure to resolve macrophage activation can lead to chronic inflammation and fibrosis, and ultimately...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-019-0831-z
更新日期：2019-05-23 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has become increasingly prevalent in the last decade not only across the southern hemisphere but also, because of a recently documented viral mutation, in southern Europe and the USA. With the global spread of CHIKV infection, practitioners should know its epidemiol...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-017-0694-0
更新日期：2017-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Behçet's syndrome is a systemic vasculitis with an unknown etiology affecting the small and large vessels of the venous and arterial systems. At least two clusters of disease expression have been described. The first includes superficial vein thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, and dural sinus thrombi. The second includ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-010-0132-z
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, painful joint disease that affects approximately 40% of adults over 70 year. Age is the strongest predictor of OA, while obesity is considered the primary preventable risk factor for OA. Both conditions are associated with abnormal innate immune inflammatory respo...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-017-0672-6
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of the relationship between obesity, osteoarthritis, arthroplasty outcomes, and the potential use of bariatric surgery to improve these outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS:Unfortunately, the findings in the currently available literature evaluating the...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-018-0717-5
更新日期：2018-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency of Takayasu's arteritis (TA) has been estimated to be 2.9 cases per 1 million people, with a female preponderance, although female-to-male ratio varies from different geographic areas. A high frequency of haplotype A24-B52-DR2 has been found in Japanese patients, without this association in other populat...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-002-0021-1
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) may serve as surrogate end points for disease outcome and can provide insights into disease susceptibility and natural history. Biomarkers could relate to diagnosis, pathogenesis, prognosis, therapeutic response, and comorbidities. The "felt need" is, however, in the development...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-010-0107-0
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases including dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis. Few clinical trials have been conducted in myositis, making it difficult to provide clear recommendations on the treatment of these rare disorders. Although corticosteroids have not b...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-011-0172-z
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical evaluation of patients with low bone mass attempts to determine which patients should be offered one of the effective therapies for fracture prevention. Current guidelines are primarily based on bone density. Risk factors are used, but their contribution to fracture risk is not easily assessed. The combinatio...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11926-007-0024-z
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pediatric rheumatologist cares for children who may have a wide variety of causes of musculoskeletal pain. These include such diverse conditions as arthritis, low-back pain, hypermobility, metabolic bone pain, and amplified pain syndromes such as complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia. This review examine...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-000-0072-0
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can be seen as a burden, with consequences on patients' daily life. Health has traditionally been measured using measures of morbidity or mortality. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a concept that includes quality of life th...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-020-00900-z
更新日期：2020-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that results in generalized bone loss and increased fracture risk. Characteristic radiologic features of rheumatoid arthritis include periarticular osteopenia and marginal erosions. An emerging literature highlights the importance of osteoclasts as mediators of th...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-012-0253-7
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acupuncture has been used for millennia in traditional Chinese medicine as a technique believed to restore the balance of energy in the body caused by disease through the use of needles inserted into specific points or energy channels. This energy is called the de qi. The use of acupuncture for the treatment of pain i...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-012-0295-x
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been few studies examining whether persons with chronic widespread pain or fibromyalgia are at increased risk for dying prematurely. Among the studies conducted there is little consistency in results. If there is an increased mortality risk, it is of the order of a 30% excess and it may be related to the li...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-005-0017-8
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large epidemiologic studies of gout can improve insight into the etiology, pathology, impact, and management of the disease. Identification of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, but its application is often not possible in large studies. Therefore, under such circumsta...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11926-010-0157-3
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Erosive osteoarthritis (OA) is a subcategory of OA in which destructive changes occur in the joints, probably as a result of a combination of inflammatory inciters and phenomena. The major changes occur in the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints, root joints of the thumb, and less commonly other hand and centri...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-001-0062-x
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The risk of infection accompanies the benefits of surgery. Immunomodulatory chronic illnesses may increase the risk of surgical infections. Surgical patients with rheumatologic illness need close preoperative assessment regarding their infection risks (fixed and modifiable), which vary on the basis of the proposed pro...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-013-0379-2
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The magnitude of placebo analgesia is influenced by environmental and perceptual factors. Environmental factors include past exposure to effective analgesic agents and verbal suggestions and cues that foster a perception of being given an effective treatment. Environmental factors, in turn, influence the proximate psy...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-006-0035-1
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The World Health Organization criteria for classification of bone mineral density (BMD) cannot be applied to premenopausal women because the relationship between BMD and fracture risk is not the same as in postmenopausal women. Approximately 2.5% of premenopausal women have BMD that is more than 2.0 standard deviation...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-005-0008-9
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a major source of pain and disability worldwide. OA-associated pain is usually refractory to classically used analgesics, and disease-modifying therapies are still lacking. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms and mediators contri...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-018-0716-6
更新日期：2018-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Management of the pregnant patient with antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) is reviewed, with emphasis on recent randomized controlled clinical trials. These support the use of subcutaneous heparin and low dose aspirin, current standard therapy for women with aPL and a history of fetal loss. Prednisone is rarely used due ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-001-0021-6
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) has proven useful as a cancer screening technique in patients with inflammatory myopathy, mainly dermatomyositis. In this review, we focus on advances in this direction and other potential applications of PET/CT in patients with...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-019-0864-3
更新日期：2019-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:This study had two objectives: to describe the historical development of self-reported presenteeism instruments that can be used to identify and measure presenteeism as a result of musculoskeletal disease (MSD) and to identify if, and how many of these, presenteeism instruments are underpinned by economic theory. Syst...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-016-0600-1
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis is a potentially preventable condition frequently encountered in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Bone loss in SLE is likely a multi- factorial process involving traditional osteoporosis risk factors along with lupus-related factors. Recognizing potential contributors to bone loss in pati...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-005-0056-1
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health outcomes and their measures used as end points in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient care and clinical trials have been varied and are still evolving. Although significant reductions in morbidity and mortality in SLE have been achieved, the medications approved for SLE have remained the same during the ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-010-0105-2
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
