Abstract:
:Chromosomal toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic elements among bacteria, yet, despite extensive studies in the last decade, their biological importance remains ambivalent. The ability of TA-encoded toxins to affect stress tolerance when overexpressed supports the hypothesis of TA systems being associated with stress adaptation. However, the deletion of TA genes has usually no effects on stress tolerance, supporting the selfish elements hypothesis. Here, we aimed to evaluate the cost and benefits of chromosomal TA systems to Pseudomonas putida. We show that multiple TA systems do not confer fitness benefits to this bacterium as deletion of 13 TA loci does not influence stress tolerance, persistence or biofilm formation. Our results instead show that TA loci are costly and decrease the competitive fitness of P. putida. Still, the cost of multiple TA systems is low and detectable in certain conditions only. Construction of antitoxin deletion strains showed that only five TA systems code for toxic proteins, while other TA loci have evolved towards reduced toxicity and encode non-toxic or moderately potent proteins. Analysis of P. putida TA systems' homologs among fully sequenced Pseudomonads suggests that the TA loci have been subjected to purifying selection and that TA systems spread among bacteria by horizontal gene transfer.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Rosendahl S,Tamman H,Brauer A,Remm M,Hõrak Rdoi
10.1038/s41598-020-65504-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-08 00:00:00pages
9230issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-020-65504-0journal_volume
10pub_type
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