Abstract:
:Microorganisms and plants utilize two-component systems to regulate adaptive responses to changing environmental conditions. Sensor kinases detect stimuli and alter their autophosphorylation activity accordingly. Signal propagation occurs via the transfer of phosphoryl groups from upstream kinases to downstream response regulator proteins. Removal of phosphoryl groups from the response regulator typically resets the system. Members of the same protein family may catalyze phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions with different efficiencies, exhibiting rate constants spanning many orders of magnitude to accommodate response time scales from milliseconds to days. We previously found that variable positions one or two residues to the C-terminal side of the conserved Asp phosphorylation site (D+2) or Thr/Ser (T+1/T+2) in response regulators alter reaction kinetics by direct interaction with phosphodonor or phosphoacceptor molecules. Here, we explore the kinetic effects of amino acid substitutions at the two positions immediately C-terminal to the conserved Lys (K+1/K+2) in the model Escherichia coli response regulator CheY. We measured CheY autophosphorylation and autodephosphorylation rate constants for 27 pairs of K+1/K+2 residues that represent 84% of naturally occurring response regulators. Effects on autodephosphorylation were modest, but autophosphorylation rate constants varied by 2 orders of magnitude, suggesting that the K+1/K+2 positions influence reaction kinetics by altering the conformational spectrum sampled by CheY at equilibrium. Additional evidence supporting this indirect mechanism includes the following: the effect on autophosphorylation rate constants is independent of the phosphodonor, the autophosphorylation rate constants and dissociation constants for the phosphoryl group analog BeF3- are inversely correlated, and the K+1/K+2 positions are distant from the phosphorylation site.IMPORTANCE We have identified five variable positions in response regulators that allow the rate constants of autophosphorylation and autodephosporylation reactions each to be altered over 3 orders of magnitude in CheY. The distributions of variable residue combinations across response regulator subfamilies suggest that distinct mechanisms associated with different variable positions allow reaction rates to be tuned independently during evolution for diverse biological purposes. This knowledge could be used in synthetic-biology applications to adjust the properties (e.g., background noise and response duration) of biosensors and may allow prediction of response regulator reaction kinetics from the primary amino acid sequence.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Straughn PB,Vass LR,Yuan C,Kennedy EN,Foster CA,Bourret RBdoi
10.1128/JB.00089-20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-07-09 00:00:00issue
15eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530pii
JB.00089-20journal_volume
202pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The HPB12 protein from the nucleoid of Bacillus subtilis was previously described, and its DNA binding properties have been reported previously (V. Salti, F. Le Hégarat, and L. Hirschbein, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1009:161-167, 1989). The DNA-HPB12 complexes were examined by electron microscopy. They appeared as short, ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.176.1.50-60.1994
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fitz-James, Philip C. (University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada). Morphology of spore development in Clostridium pectinovorum. J. Bacteriol. 84:104-114. 1962-The process of spore formation in Clostridium pectinovorum was followed by phase-contrast microscopy and by thin-section electron microscopy employing...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.84.1.104-114.1962
更新日期:1962-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 3.3-kilobase PvuII fragment carrying the PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector and introduced into E. coli strains deficient in DNA photolyase. Complementation of the E. coli phr-1 mutation was observed, strongly suggesting that the yeast PHR1 gene encodes a...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.161.2.769-771.1985
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Choline-containing teichoic acid seems to be essential for the adsorption of bacteriophage Dp-1 to pneumococci. This conclusion is based on the following observations: In contrast to pneumococci grown in choline-containing medium, cells grown in medium containing ethanolamine or other submethylated aminoalcohols inste...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.151.3.1581-1590.1982
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reoxidation of NADH generated in reactions within the mitochondrial matrix of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is catalyzed by an NADH dehydrogenase designated Ndi1p (C. A. M. Marres, S. de Vries, and L. A. Grivell, Eur. J. Biochem. 195:857-862, 1991). Gene disruption analysis was used to examine possible metabolic functi...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.16.4051-4055.1998
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bishop, D. G. (University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia), and J. L. Still. Fatty acid metabolism in Serratia marcescens. J. Bacteriol. 82:370-375. 1961.-A study has been made of the oxidation of saturated fatty acids containing between two and 18 carbon atoms by whole cells of the bacterium, Serratia marcescens. This o...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.82.3.370-375.1961
更新日期:1961-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 forms a periodic pattern of nitrogen-fixing heterocysts when grown in the absence of combined nitrogen. PatA is necessary for proper patterning of heterocysts along filaments. In this study, apparent transcriptional start points (tsps) were identified at nucl...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00577-10
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus subtilis mutants deficient in amino acid repression of the histidine utilization (hut) operon were isolated by transposon mutagenesis. Genetic characterization of these mutants indicated that they most likely contained transposon insertions within the codVWXY operon. The codY gene is required for nutritional ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.13.3779-3784.1996
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgalla, M. J. (Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.), A. W. Andrews, and C. L. Baugh. Effects of bicarbonate on growth of Pasteurella pestis. I. Differential response of virulent and avirulent cells. J. Bacteriol. 88:269-272. 1964.-Virulent Pasteurella pestis and the avirulent mutants always present in a virulent inoculum h...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.88.2.269-272.1964
更新日期:1964-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium xenopi is a slow-growing, thermophilic, water-related Mycobacterium species. Like other nontuberculous mycobacteria, M. xenopi more commonly infects humans with altered immune function, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. It is considered clinically relevant in a significant proportio...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00482-12
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short sequence repeats (SSRs), potentially representing variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci, were identified for the human-pathogenic yeast species Candida albicans by computerized DNA sequence scanning. The individual SSR regions were investigated in different clinical isolates of C. albicans. Most of the C...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.15.3771-3778.1998
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of the phospholipids of the various bacteria that have ice nucleation activity in supercooled water has been determined. The seven bacteria studied included Pseudomonas syringae, Erwinia herbicola, three Escherichia coli K-12 strains that are phenotypically Ice+ because they contain plasmids with different ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.173.6.2053-2060.1991
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus is capable of an unusual form of genetic exchange, mediated by a transducing bacteriophage-like particle called the gene transfer agent (GTA). GTA production by R. capsulatus is controlled at the level of transcription by a cellular two-component signal transduction system that inc...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.184.4.913-918.2002
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli B dependence on CO2 for growth was demonstrated. At suboptimal CO2 concentrations the rate of growth was controlled by CO2 concentration. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.135.3.1162-1164.1978
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many DNA viruses concatemerize their genomes as a prerequisite to packaging into capsids. Concatemerization arises from either replication or homologous recombination. Replication is already the target of many antiviral drugs, and viral recombinases are an attractive target for drug design, particularly for combinatio...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.8.2465-2474.2003
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ellner, Paul D. (University of Vermont, Burlington) and Carolyn D. Bohan. Serology of the soluble antigens of Clostridium perfringens types A-F by agar-gel diffusion. J. Bacteriol. 83:284-296. 1962.-A serological study by agar-gel diffusion of the soluble antigens of 39 strains of the Clostridium perfringens group has...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.83.2.284-296.1962
更新日期:1962-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::pdrK encodes a pyridoxine (PN)/pyridoxal (PL)/pyridoxamine (PM) kinase thought to function in the salvage pathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) coenzyme biosynthesis. The observation that pdxK null mutants still contain PL kinase activity led to the hypothesis that Escherichia coli K-12 contains at least one other B...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.7.1814-1821.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analyses of the Staphylococcus epidermidis multiresistance plasmids pSK697 and pSK818 have revealed them to be closely related to the trimethoprim resistance plasmid pSK639, also isolated from S. epidermidis. pSK697 and pSK818 were found to contain a cointegrated copy of a second plasmid related to the S. epidermidis ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.20.6070-6073.1996
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heme prosthetic group of heme proteins contains iron, which can be a limiting nutrient. Here, we show that cytochrome c1 protein from Bradyrhizobium japonicum was strongly affected by the iron status, with low expression in cells grown under iron limitation. This control was not affected in mutants encoding the ir...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.187.15.5084-5089.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quorum-sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus, the accessory gene regulator (Agr) system, is responsible for increased transcription of certain exoprotein genes and decreased transcription of certain cell wall-associated proteins during the postexponential phase of growth. This regulation is important for virulen...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.186.6.1793-1801.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A previously undetected Bacillus subtilis aspartokinase isozyme, which we have called aspartokinase III, has been characterized. The new isozyme was most readily detected in extracts of cells grown with lysine, which repressed aspartokinase II and induced aspartokinase III, or in extracts of strain VS11, a mutant lack...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.172.1.218-223.1990
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To define additional components of the export machinery of Escherichia coli, I have isolated extragenic suppressors of a mutant [secA(Ts)] that is temperature sensitive for growth and secretion at 37 degrees C. Suppressors that restored growth at 37 degrees C, but that rendered the cell cold sensitive for growth at 28...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.161.1.285-291.1985
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 2,760-base-pair (bp) PstI-EcoRI segment of the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103 which carries the exotoxin A structural gene was expressed from an internal promoter when cloned in a pUC9 derivative and transformed into a nontoxigenic mutant of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The unique terminal EcoRI site was delete...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.171.5.2599-2604.1989
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, psychotrophic, food-borne pathogen which is able to grow in osmotically stressful environments. Carnitine (beta-hydroxy-L-tau-N-trimethyl aminobutyrate) can contribute significantly to growth of L. monocytogenes at high osmolarity (R. R. Beumer, M. C. te Giffel, L. J. Cox, F....
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.11.3205-3212.1995
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deletion of bacterial DNA fragments is stimulated in induced Mucts62 lysogens. The host genes located proximally to the prophage are more frequently lost than those which are unlinked to the Mu genome. Genes located on either side of a Mu genome are deleted in the same manner. Like the other Mu-induced rearrangements,...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.136.2.477-483.1978
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes has caused numerous human outbreaks. Here we report draft genomes of L. monocytogenes J1816 and J1-220, which belong to epidemic clones II and IV, respectively. Whole-genome sequence analysis of these strains provides a tool for studying the short-term evolution of these epidemic clones. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.05048-11
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi maintains both linear and circular plasmids that appear to be essential for mammalian infection. Recent studies have characterized the circular plasmid regions that confer autonomous replication, but the genetic elements necessary for linear plasmid maintenance have not been...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.10.3202-3209.2003
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Salmonella plasmid virulence spvABCD genes are growth phase regulated and require RpoS for maximal expression in stationary phase. We identified a growth phase-independent expression of spv which is mediated by short-chain fatty acids. During this fatty acid-mediated expression of spv, RpoS is required for inducti...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.179.4.1409-1412.1997
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus subtilis cwlD and dacB mutants produce spore peptidoglycan (PG) with increased cross-linking but with little change in spore core hydration compared to the wild type. A cwlD dacB double mutant produced spores with a two- to fourfold greater increase in PG cross-linking and novel muropeptides containing glycin...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.181.19.6205-6209.1999
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The magnetosomes of many magnetotactic bacteria consist of membrane-enveloped magnetite crystals, whose synthesis is favored by a low redox potential. However, the cellular redox processes governing the biomineralization of the mixed-valence iron oxide have remained unknown. Here, we show that in the alphaproteobacter...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00903-12
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00