Abstract：
:Non-simulator-based examination methods of the fundal examination have shown to be cost-effective. We reviewed different non-simulator-based direct fundoscopy examination methods used in undergraduate curricula and their outcomes. PubMed (MEDLINE) and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using standard Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms ophthalmoscopy, medical education, undergraduate medical education, medical student, educational assessment and learning. The search included publications until 28th February 2019. We obtained 34 articles after screening abstracts; of them, 12 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. The studies were comprised of diverse teaching methods which included fundal photograph matching with corresponding eye, continuous education using community-based eye clinics, formal instructions and demonstrations prior to skills training, ophthalmoscopy skills practice using eye pathologies, teaching versus conventional ophthalmoscopy and group-based teaching. We concluded that non-simulator-based techniques such as use of fundal photograph matching of an eye of a volunteer, introduction to eye pathologies, smaller student groups and formal instructions with video demonstrations prior to skills training were highly effective in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy for undergraduate medical students.
journal_name
Int J Ophthalmoljournal_title
International journal of ophthalmologyauthors
Samaranayake UMJE,Mathangasinghe Y,Samaranayake UMNP,Wijayatunga Mdoi
10.18240/ijo.2020.04.20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-18 00:00:00pages
660-666issue
4eissn
2222-3959issn
2227-4898pii
ijo-13-04-660journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：AIM:To investigate changes in fundus excyclotorsion after inferior oblique myectomy or myotomy. METHODS:The records of 21 patients undergoing strabismus surgery by a single surgeon between 2009 and 2012 were examined. Only patients who had undergone an inferior oblique myectomy or myotomy, with or without horizontal r...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.03.24
更新日期：2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate ocular penetration of topically applied 1% tigecycline. METHODS:Forty-two New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 3 groups. A 50 µL drop of 1% tigecycline was administered in group 1. In groups 2 and 3, the drop was administered every 15min for 60min (keratitis protocol). Aqueous humor samples in g...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2017.05.03
更新日期：2017-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the fundus manifestations and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral loads of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS:This retrospective study included 21 AIDS patients (42 eyes) who presented to the Department of O...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2019.09.11
更新日期：2019-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Tono-pen measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) under topical anaesthesia in full term normal newborns. METHODS:The IOP measurements were taken using Tono-pen XL tonometer under topical anaesthesia in 150 newborns (300 eyes) within 24h after birth, over a period of three months, in a university hospital. Gender...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.01.16
更新日期：2014-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate the surgical treatment and visual outcomes of eyes with cataract and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). METHODS:This retrospective study included patients with cataract and PHPV treated with various strategies. Anterior PHPV was treated using phacoemulsification with underwater electric c...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2017.03.11
更新日期：2017-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To compare the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between Verteporfin with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHOD:Published literature from Medline, Premedline, Embase and the Cochrane Libra...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.04.25
更新日期：2014-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To compare conventional slow equilibrium cooling and directional freezing (DF) by gauze package for cryopreservation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS:HUVECs were randomly assigned to conventional freezing (CF) and DF by gauze package group. The two groups of HUVECs were incubated with a ...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.05.05
更新日期：2014-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To analyze the demography, presenting clinical features, spread of the disease of retinoblastoma in patients who were treated in two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. METHODS:In this retrospective study, information of gender, age, race, presenting clinical features, findings of CT scan orbits and brain, lumbar punc...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2010.01.15
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To observe the curative effect of bandage contact lens in neurogenic keratitis. METHODS:Twenty cases of neurogenic keratitis were studied at the Department of Ophthalmology, the first Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, between October 2012 and June 2013. These included 13 males and 7 females, aged fr...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.06.12
更新日期：2014-12-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To anatomically locate the points of minimum corneal thickness and central corneal thickness (pupil center) in relation to the corneal apex. METHODS:Observational, cross-sectional study, 299 healthy volunteers. Thickness at the corneal apex (AT), minimum corneal thickness (MT) and corneal thickness at the pupil ce...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.04.15
更新日期：2014-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：:We report on the impact of direct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) on reflective optics, used in the excimer laser system Allegretto Eye-Q. The aim of our work was to confirm our hypothesis based on long-rate observations of obtained anomalies in post-operative results that are attributed to degradation of re...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2017.09.22
更新日期：2017-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To study the histopathological changes in the retina and flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) features of ozone-treated streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS:Seventy male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped as follows: blank group (GB, n=10), model control group (GM, n=18), ozone group (GO3, n=19), and oxyge...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2016.06.04
更新日期：2016-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To describe the complex, overlapping phenotype of four Chinese patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) who harbored two pathogenic genes simultaneously. METHODS:This retrospective study included 4 patients affected with IRDs. Medical and ophthalmic histories were obtained, and clinical examinations were...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2020.02.04
更新日期：2020-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the cytotoxic effect of specific T cells from mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) as well as their secreted interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A on murine photoreceptor (661W) cells. METHODS:An EAU model was established in female mice by injection of interphotoreceptor retinoid bi...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2020.08.02
更新日期：2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To perform a Meta-analysis on the precision and safety of femtosecond laser (FSL) capsulotomy compared with manual continuous curvilinear capsulotomy (CCC). METHODS:We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library databases, and Clinical Trials.gov that maintained our inclusion criteria. Reference ...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2016.03.23
更新日期：2016-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To compare the functional and anatomic results of femtosecond laser (FSL)-assisted deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) associated with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and FSL-assisted DALK performed using the big-bubble technique in keratoconus. METHODS:During the first phase of the study, an electron mi...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2018.05.15
更新日期：2018-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To compare and evaluate the phacoemulsification parameters and postoperative endothelial cell changes of two different phacoemulsification machines, each with different modes, but also to assess the relationship between postoperative endothelial cell loss and the phacoemulsification parameters, as well as the other...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.05.15
更新日期：2014-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate the impact of 4 different intraocular lenses (IOLs) on posterior capsule opacification (PCO) by comparing the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy rates. METHODS:This retrospective study included 4970 eyes of 4013 cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL impl...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.01.22
更新日期：2015-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To prove anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) blocks the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation by degrading the MAPK/ERK kinases (MEKs) to suppress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. METHODS:Human adult retinal pigmented epithelium (ARPE) cells were cultured and treated with normal glucose,...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.03.04
更新日期：2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate a possible trigeminal proprioceptive-oculomotor neural pathway and explore possible synaptic connections between neurons in this pathway. Attempt to bring a new insight to mechanism of Marcus Gunn syndrome (MGS). METHODS:Anterograde and retrograde tract tracing was applied and combined with immunofl...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2018.03.06
更新日期：2018-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the effect of Bak Foong Pills (BFP) on the expression of β-amyloid (Aβ) in rats retina with optic nerve transection, and its roles and possible mechanisms in protecting optic nerve damage. METHODS:Seventy-two healthy, Sprague-Dawley, adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups: negative contro...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.01.13
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To explore the correlation between several blood cell-associated inflammatory indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS:We searched fo...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2019.02.20
更新日期：2019-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The multiple regression formulas and correlation of ocular components with refractive errors are presented by Gaussian optics. The refractive error changing rate for the cornea and lens power, the axial length, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) are calculated, including nonlinear terms for ...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2019.05.26
更新日期：2019-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Phacoemulsification is the main gold standard for cataract operation in the developed world together with foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by injection, allowing for stable wound construction and less postoperative astigmatism. It is a safe procedure with high success rate with the advancement in machines,...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.03.34
更新日期：2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To identify metastatic genes and miRNAs and to investigate the metastatic mechanism of uveal melanoma (UVM). METHODS:GSE27831, GSE39717, and GSE73652 gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the limma R package was used to identify differentially expressed genes...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2020.07.05
更新日期：2020-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：:A large subset of corneal pathologies involves the formation of new blood and lymph vessels (neovascularization), leading to compromised visual acuity. This article aims to review the clinical causes and presentations of corneal neovascularization (CNV) by examining the mechanisms behind common CNV-related corneal pat...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.01.32
更新日期：2015-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To describe and compare the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in young, low and moderate myopic Chinese adults in Malaysian Chinese population. METHODS:Non-contact specular microscopy (Topcon SP3000P, Tokyo, Japan) was performed in low (n=78; 21.22±1.51 years) and moderate (n=78; 21.82±1.40 years) my...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.04.11
更新日期：2013-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To determine the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). METHODS:This study included all consecutive patients operated in a Spanish tertiary reference hospital over a period of four years. A total of 55 eyes from 47 patients matched the select...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2017.07.10
更新日期：2017-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To develop a critical pathway for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) diagnosis intended to be efficient, to unify criteria, reduce resource use and minimize costs to the health system. METHODS:We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and ClinicalTrials.org databases and classified the quality o...
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2017.06.21
更新日期：2017-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate the thickness and volume changes of the choroidal, outer retinal layers (ORL) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlate them with visual acuity. METHODS:We carried out a retrospective observational case series....
journal_title：International journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.18240/ijo.2018.12.14
更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00
