A genetic framework for regulation and seasonal adaptation of shoot architecture in hybrid aspen.

abstract：:We assess the significance of high-frequency variability of environmental parameters (sunlight, precipitation, temperature) for the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems under current and future climate. We examine the influence of hourly, daily, and monthly variance using the Ecosystem Demography model ver...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Medvigy D,Wofsy SC,Munger JW,Moorcroft PR

更新日期：2010-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:At meiotic prophase, chromatin loops around a proteinaceous core, with the sizes of these loops varying between species. Comparison of the morphology of sequence-related inserts at different sites in transgenic mice demonstrates that loop size also varies with chromosomal geography. Similarly, chromatin loop lengths d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heng HH,Chamberlain JW,Shi XM,Spyropoulos B,Tsui LC,Moens PB

更新日期：1996-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathway-specific therapy is the future of cancer management. The oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently activated in solid tumors; however, currently, no reliable test for PI3K pathway activation exists for human tumors. Taking advantage of the observation that loss of PTEN, the negative ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saal LH,Johansson P,Holm K,Gruvberger-Saal SK,She QB,Maurer M,Koujak S,Ferrando AA,Malmström P,Memeo L,Isola J,Bendahl PO,Rosen N,Hibshoosh H,Ringnér M,Borg A,Parsons R

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Residues important in the interaction between the 23-residue transmembrane (TM) domains of the integrin alpha(IIb)- and beta(3)-subunits were identified by mutating each non-Leu residue to Leu. Leu substitutions of alpha(IIb) at G972, G976, and T981, and of beta(3) at I693 and G708, increased ligand binding. Substitut...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luo BH,Carman CV,Takagi J,Springer TA

更新日期：2005-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Interdigital webbing has evolved repeatedly in tropical salamanders (bolitoglossines). This derived foot morphology is only one of many homoplastic traits in this diverse amphibian clade. Indeed, few if any morphological traits sort lineages within this clade. We investigate the processes underlying the homoplastic ev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jaekel M,Wake DB

更新日期：2007-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Stereotypical patterns of vascular and neuronal networks suggest that specific genetic programs tightly control path determination and, consequently, angiogenesis and axon-guidance mechanisms. Our study focuses on one member of the roundabout family of receptors, which traditionally mediate repulsion from the midline....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bedell VM,Yeo SY,Park KW,Chung J,Seth P,Shivalingappa V,Zhao J,Obara T,Sukhatme VP,Drummond IA,Li DY,Ramchandran R

更新日期：2005-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A combined genetic, biochemical, and immunological approach has clarified structural relationships involving the first three enzymes of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. A procedure involving antibody and protein A-Sepharose was used to isolate the enzymes carbamoyl-phosphate synthase [ATP:carbamate phosphotransferase ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davidson JN,Patterson D

更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prototrophic hybrids formed from an adenine-requiring Chinese hamster cell and human fibroblasts uniformly display new esterase activity that differs from that of either parental cell in electrophoretic mobility and substrate specificity. The hybrids that grew in the selective medium and possessed the new esterase act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kao FT,Puck TT

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have attempted to model human metastatic disease by implanting human target organs into the immunodeficient C.B-17 scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficiency; SCID) mouse, creating SCID-hu mice. Preferential metastasis to implants of human fetal lung and human fetal bone marrow occurred after i.v. injection of hum...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shtivelman E,Namikawa R

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The activities of cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA-lyase (CoA-acylating), EC 4.1.3.5] and microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase[mevalonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating), EC 1.1.1.34], two sequential enzymes in the chole...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balasubramaniam S,Goldstein JL,Brown MS

更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For the purpose of clarifying the magneto-orientation mechanism of several biological membrane systems, xylene-suspended thin-layered single crystals of lecithin, which is a major component of membranes, were subjected to magnetic fields of various strengths, and the orientation behavior of the crystals was analyzed. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sakurai I,Kawamura Y,Ikegami A,Iwayanagi S

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circumnutation and winding in plants are universal growth movements that allow plants to survive despite their sessile nature. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms controlling these phenomena remain unclear. We previously found that a gravitropic mutant of Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil or Ipomoea nil), S...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kitazawa D,Hatakeda Y,Kamada M,Fujii N,Miyazawa Y,Hoshino A,Iida S,Fukaki H,Morita MT,Tasaka M,Suge H,Takahashi H

更新日期：2005-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Current chemotherapeutic approaches for cancer are in part limited by the inability of drugs to destroy neoplastic cells within poorly vascularized compartments of tumors. We have here systematically assessed anaerobic bacteria for their capacity to grow expansively within avascular compartments of transplanted tumors...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dang LH,Bettegowda C,Huso DL,Kinzler KW,Vogelstein B

更新日期：2001-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the success statistical physics has enjoyed at predicting the properties of materials for given parameters, the inverse problem, identifying which material parameters produce given, desired properties, is only beginning to be addressed. Recently, several methods have emerged across disciplines that draw upon o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miskin MZ,Khaira G,de Pablo JJ,Jaeger HM

更新日期：2016-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread worldwide, with millions of cases and more than 1 million deaths to date. The gravity of the situation mandates accelerated efforts to identify safe and effective vaccines. Here, we generated measles virus (M...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hörner C,Schürmann C,Auste A,Ebenig A,Muraleedharan S,Dinnon KH 3rd,Scholz T,Herrmann M,Schnierle BS,Baric RS,Mühlebach MD

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Retrograde axonal transport plays an important role in the maintenance of neuronal functions, but the mechanism is poorly defined partly because the constituents of the retrograde transport system and their interactions have yet to be elucidated. Of special interest is how dynein/dynactin motor proteins interact with ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu JJ,Ding J,Wu C,Bhagavatula P,Cui B,Chu S,Mobley WC,Yang Y

更新日期：2007-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the molecular mechanism of frameshift suppression by the SUF2 gene of yeast, the sequences of DNA fragments carrying the SUF2-1 and suf2+ alleles of the gene and surrounding regions have been determined. Comparison of the suppressor and wild-type sequences indicates that the SUF2 gene product is a proline...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cummins CM,Donahue TF,Culbertson MR

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed Differential Specificity and Energy Landscape (DiSEL) analysis to comprehensively compare DNA-protein interactomes (DPIs) obtained by high-throughput experimental platforms and cutting edge computational methods. While high-affinity DNA binding sites are identified by most methods, DiSEL uncovered nu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhimsaria D,Rodríguez-Martínez JA,Pan J,Roston D,Korkmaz EN,Cui Q,Ramanathan P,Ansari AZ

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A photosensitizer conjugate, chlorin e6 (Ce6) covalently bound to 1-micron-diameter polystyrene microspheres, has been investigated in the photodynamic destruction of MGH-U1 human bladder carcinoma cells in vitro. The microspheres were taken up avidly by the carcinoma cells; confocal laser scanning fluorescence micros...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bachor R,Shea CR,Gillies R,Hasan T

更新日期：1991-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Dematerialization, represented by declining consumption per GDP of energy or of goods, offers some hope for rising environmental quality with development. The declining proportion of income spent on staples as affluence grows, which income elasticity <1.0 measures, makes dematerialization widespread. Further, as learn...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ausubel JH,Waggoner PE

更新日期：2008-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:To differentiate roles of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate stromal and epithelial cells, we have generated inducible-(ind)ARKO-TRAMP and prostate epithelial-specific ARKO TRAMP (pes-ARKO-TRAMP) mouse models, in which the AR was knocked down in both prostate epithelium and stroma or was knocked out in the prostate ep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Niu Y,Altuwaijri S,Yeh S,Lai KP,Yu S,Chuang KH,Huang SP,Lardy H,Chang C

更新日期：2008-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Antarctic ozone depletion is associated with enhanced chlorine from anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbons and heterogeneous chemistry under cold conditions. The deep Antarctic "hole" contrasts with the generally weaker depletions observed in the warmer Arctic. An unusually cold Arctic stratospheric season occurred in 2011...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Solomon S,Haskins J,Ivy DJ,Min F

更新日期：2014-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The Hairy-related transcription-factor (HRT) genes encode three related basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that show sequence similarity to the Hairy and Enhancer of split family of transcriptional repressors. HRT proteins are expressed in specific regions of the developing heart, vasculature, pharyngeal arc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakagawa O,McFadden DG,Nakagawa M,Yanagisawa H,Hu T,Srivastava D,Olson EN

更新日期：2000-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of protein farnesylation in lamin A biogenesis and the pathogenesis of progeria has been studied in considerable detail, but the importance of farnesylation for the B-type lamins, lamin B1 and lamin B2, has received little attention. Lamins B1 and B2 are expressed in nearly every cell type from the earliest s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jung HJ,Nobumori C,Goulbourne CN,Tu Y,Lee JM,Tatar A,Wu D,Yoshinaga Y,de Jong PJ,Coffinier C,Fong LG,Young SG

更新日期：2013-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuropathic pain afflicts millions of individuals and represents a major health problem for which there is limited effective and safe therapy. Emerging literature links altered sphingolipid metabolism to nociceptive processing. However, the neuropharmacology of sphingolipid signaling in the central nervous system in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen Z,Doyle TM,Luongo L,Largent-Milnes TM,Giancotti LA,Kolar G,Squillace S,Boccella S,Walker JK,Pendleton A,Spiegel S,Neumann WL,Vanderah TW,Salvemini D

更新日期：2019-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:B-1 B cells have been proposed to be preferentially generated from fetal progenitors, but this view is challenged by studies concluding that B-1 production is sustained throughout adult life. To address this controversy, we compared the efficiency with which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and common lymphoid progenit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barber CL,Montecino-Rodriguez E,Dorshkind K

更新日期：2011-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:PIK3CA mutations are reported to be present in approximately 25% of breast cancer (BC), particularly the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and HER2-overexpressing (HER2+) subtypes, making them one of the most common genetic aberrations in BC. In experimental models, these mutations have been shown to activate AKT and i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loi S,Haibe-Kains B,Majjaj S,Lallemand F,Durbecq V,Larsimont D,Gonzalez-Angulo AM,Pusztai L,Symmans WF,Bardelli A,Ellis P,Tutt AN,Gillett CE,Hennessy BT,Mills GB,Phillips WA,Piccart MJ,Speed TP,McArthur GA,Sotiriou

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Characteristic classes for the index of the Dirac family [unk](A) are computed in terms of differential forms on the orbit space of vector potentials under gauge transformations. They represent obstructions to the existence of a covariant Dirac propagator. The first obstruction is related to a chiral anomaly. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Atiyah MF,Singer IM

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selenophosphate, an activated form of selenium that can serve as a selenium donor, is generated by the selD gene product, selenophosphate synthetase (SPS). Selenophosphate is required by several bacteria and by mammals for the specific synthesis of Secys-tRNA, the precursor of selenocysteine in selenoenzymes. Although...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ogasawara Y,Lacourciere GM,Ishii K,Stadtman TC

更新日期：2005-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:During development, organisms acquire three-dimensional (3D) shapes with important physiological consequences. While basic mechanisms underlying morphogenesis are known in eukaryotes, it is often difficult to manipulate them in vivo. To circumvent this issue, here we present a study of developing Vibrio cholerae biofi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fei C,Mao S,Yan J,Alert R,Stone HA,Bassler BL,Wingreen NS,Košmrlj A

更新日期：2020-04-07 00:00:00