Abstract:
:Cylindrical silk gland (CY) spigots distinguish a large clade of modern spiders, the CY spigot clade, which includes all entelegyne spiders and their closest relatives. Following a widespread paradigm, CYs and their spigots are only known to occur in female spiders and they produce silk used in the construction of egg sacs. Here we report the occurrence of a CY spigot or CY nubbin on each posterior median spinneret (PMS) in males (5th stadium and later) of the spider Australomimetus maculosus. Late juvenile males had a CY spigot on each PMS, whereas adult males either had a CY spigot or, more often, a non-functional CY nubbin. This indicates that potential CY use by males is at least largely limited to late juvenile instars and is not involved with egg sac construction. Despite the presence of CY spigots in both sexes, sexual dimorphism with respect to CYs was still evident since males lacked the CY spigot on each posterior lateral spinneret present in late juvenile and adult females, and CY spigots of males never had the wide shaft and opening of adult females. This study adds to our knowledge of spinning apparatus variability in modern spiders and demonstrates an exception to the paradigm that, in the CY spigot clade, such spigots are restricted to female spiders.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Townley MA,Harms Ddoi
10.1038/s41598-020-63521-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-20 00:00:00pages
6663issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-020-63521-7journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Amine quantification is an important strategy in patient stratification and personalised medicine. This is because amines, including amino acids and methylarginines impact on many homeostatic processes. One important pathway regulated by amine levels is nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NOS is regulated by levels of (i) th...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31055-8
更新日期:2018-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Solid stress is a biomechanical abnormality of the tumor microenvironment that plays a crucial role in tumor progression. When it is applied to cancer cells, solid stress hinders their proliferation rate and promotes cancer cell invasion and metastatic potential. However, the underlying mechanisms of how it is implica...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37425-6
更新日期:2019-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in zebrafish emerge from the aortic hemogenic endothelium (HE) and migrate towards the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), where they expand and differentiate during definitive hematopoiesis. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (Plcγ1) has been implicated for hematopoiesis in vivo and in ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36338-8
更新日期:2019-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Benign and malignant tumors differ in the viscoelastic properties of their cellular microenvironments and in their spatiotemporal response to very low frequency stimuli. These differences can introduce a unique viscoelastic biomarker in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. This biomarker may reduce the numb...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41885-9
更新日期:2019-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot disease in cruciferous. In this report, lipid droplets were observed in the resting spores of P. brassicae. 295 lipid droplet-associated proteins were identified and categorized into nine groups. Transcriptome analysis of these proteins during three different zoosporic stages r...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep36965
更新日期:2016-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::We study localized photonic excitations in a quasi-two-dimensional non-ideal binary microcavity lattice with use of the virtual crystal approximation. The effect of point defects (vacancies) on the excitation spectrum is investigated by numerical modelling. We obtain the dispersion and the energy gap of the electromag...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep06945
更新日期:2014-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Growing evidences showed that a large number of miRNAs were abnormally expressed in cervical cancer tissues and played irreplaceable roles in tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to identify the differential miRNAs expression between cervical cancer and normal cervical tissues by...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06032-2
更新日期:2017-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Acquisition of the lower jaw (mandible) was evolutionarily important for jawed vertebrates. In humans, syndromic craniofacial malformations often accompany jaw anomalies. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hand2, which is conserved among jawed vertebrates, is expressed in the neural crest in the mandibula...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep28405
更新日期:2016-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Broadband acoustic absorbers with thin thickness are highly desired in practical situations such as architectural acoustics, yet it is still challenging to achieve high absorption by using structure with limited thickness. Here we report the theoretical optimal design, numerical simulation and experimental demonstrati...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67688-x
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of micropipetting, a method of micro-pipette detection and calibration combining the dynamic pressure monitoring in pipetting process and quantitative identification of pipette volume in image processing was proposed. Firstly, the normalized pressure model for the pipet...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24145-0
更新日期:2018-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose major symptoms include progressive motor and cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive decline is a critical quality of life concern for HD patients and families. The enzyme histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) appears to be important in HD pathology by negatively regula...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05125-2
更新日期:2017-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm infants are susceptible to inflammation-induced white matter injury but the exposures that lead to this are uncertain. Histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) reflects intrauterine inflammation, can trigger a fetal inflammatory response, and is closely associated with premature birth. In a cohort of 90 preterm infan...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep37932
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) and ultrasonographic features as well as BRAFV600E mutations in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remained controversial. This study investigated the association between LNM and ultrasonographic features as well as BRAFV600E mutation in Chinese...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36171-z
更新日期:2019-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::A robust method is presented for the segmentation of the full cerebral vasculature in 4-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT). The method consists of candidate vessel selection, feature extraction, random forest classification and postprocessing. Image features include among others the weighted temporal variance i...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15617-w
更新日期:2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Uterosacral ligaments (USLs) provide structural support to the female pelvic floor, and a loss of USL structural integrity or biomechanical function may induce pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Alterations in extracellular matrix composition and organization dictate USL mechanical function. Changes in USL microstructure an...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64192-0
更新日期:2020-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::We report fabrication of large area Ag nanowire (NW) film coated using a continuous roll-to-roll (RTR) slot die coater as a viable alternative to conventional ITO electrodes for cost-effective and large-area flexible touch screen panels (TSPs). By controlling the flow rate of shear-thinning Ag NW ink in the slot die, ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep34322
更新日期:2016-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) has been listed as a critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List and is an endemic fish of China. Five sets of duplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR) assays were developed with 10 tetranucleotide microsatellites for Chinese sturgeon. The size of CS57, ZHX43, ZHX69, AS105, ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60401-y
更新日期:2020-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is a toxic gas mainly produced naturally, in particular by plants, and its emissions contribute to ozone destruction in the stratosphere. Conversely, CH3Cl can be degraded and used as the sole carbon and energy source by specialised methylotrophic bacteria, isolated from a variety of environments...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17421-y
更新日期:2017-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Area under a receiver-operating-characteristic (AUROC) curve is widely used in medicine to summarize the ability of a continuous predictive marker to predict a binary outcome. This study illustrated how a U-shaped or inverted U-shaped continuous predictor would affect the shape and magnitude of its AUROC curve in pred...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10408-9
更新日期:2017-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::To date, analyses of individual targets have provided evidence of a miRNA targetome that extends beyond the boundaries of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and can involve non-Watson-Crick base pairing in the miRNA seed region. Here we report our findings from analyzing 34 Argonaute HITS-CLIP datasets from several human and mous...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep05947
更新日期:2014-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::CobK catalyzes the essential reduction of the precorrin ring in the cobalamin biosynthetic pathway. The crystal structure of CobK reveals that the enzyme, despite not having the signature sequence, comprises two Rossmann fold domains which bind coenzyme and substrate respectively. The two parallel β-sheets have swappe...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep16943
更新日期:2015-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::With the surge of GPS-technology, many studies uncovered space use of mobile animals and shed light on the underlying behavioral mechanisms of habitat selection. Habitat selection and variation in either occurrence or strength of functional responses (i.e. how selection changes with availability) have given new insigh...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23111-0
更新日期:2018-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::The growth dynamics of Ga(In)N semiconductors by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (PAMBE) at low temperatures (T = 450 °C) is here investigated. The presence of droplets at the growth surface strongly affects the adatom incorporation dynamics, making the growth rate a decreasing function of the metal flux imping...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28984-9
更新日期:2018-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Raman microspectroscopy provides the means to obtain local orientations on polycrystalline materials at the submicrometer level. The present work demonstrates how orientation-distribution maps composed of Raman intensity distributions can be acquired on large areas of several hundreds of square micrometers. A polycrys...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep18410
更新日期:2015-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Large sediment fluxes from mountain belts have the potential to cause megafans to prograde into the neighbouring sedimentary basins. These mechanisms have been documented based from numerical modelling and stratigraphic records. However, little attention has been focused on inferring temporal changes in the concentrat...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17182-8
更新日期:2018-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Adding fluoride into bioactive glasses leads to fluorapatite formation and a decrease in glass transition temperature. Recently, chloride has been introduced into glasses as an alternative to fluoride. The presence of the large chloride ion lowers glass crystallisation tendency and increases glass molar volume, which ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19544-2
更新日期:2018-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::For many malignancies, inflammation-based scores correlate with survival. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are immunonutritional indices associated with postoperative outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated whether a combined preoperative NL...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13239-w
更新日期:2017-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::A negative correlation between body size and the latitudinal temperature gradient is well established for extant terrestrial endotherms but less so in the fossil record. Here we analyze the middle Eocene site of Geiseltal (Germany), whose record is considered to span ca. 5 Myrs of gradual global cooling, and generate ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60379-7
更新日期:2020-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Renal fibrosis, the characteristic feature of progressive chronic kidney disease, is associated with unremitting renal inflammation. Although it is reported that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, elicits an anti-renal fibrotic effect, its molecular mechanism is still unknown. In thi...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35339-x
更新日期:2018-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetic restriction of a thermodynamically favourable equilibrium is a common theme in materials processing. The interfacial instability in systems where rate of material exchange is far greater than the mass transfer through respective bulk phases is of specific interest when tracking the transient interfacial area, ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14638-9
更新日期:2017-10-30 00:00:00