Abstract：
:Surrogacy raises a number of concerns about the psychological adjustment of the surrogate, the parents, and the child. Despite surrogacy becoming more common, research into the postdelivery psychological adjustment of the individuals involved has lagged far behind. This review examines research on the psychological adjustment of surrogates and their children. It then presents findings from studies assessing parents' psychological health and parent-child relationships, and children's adjustment within families formed through surrogacy. Finally, it examines how children born through surrogacy feel about their birth and toward their surrogate. Overall, studies have shown good psychological outcomes for surrogates, parents, and children, but research is still very limited, particularly in relation to the geographical location of the research, the ages of the children studied, and the lack of longitudinal projects. Different forms of surrogacy now exist under the umbrella term of "surrogacy." There is now greater diversity in terms of who is using surrogacy, their motivations for using it, whose gametes are used for the pregnancy, and how a surrogacy arrangement is managed. There is therefore a need for future studies to examine the consequences of these different forms of surrogacy on the postdelivery psychological health of surrogates, surrogacy parents, and their children.
journal_name
Fertil Steriljournal_title
Fertility and sterilityauthors
Jadva Vdoi
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-01 00:00:00pages
903-907issue
5eissn
0015-0282issn
1556-5653pii
S0015-0282(20)30285-5journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop and validate a simple method of measuring total menstrual blood loss using a pictorial representation of blood loss, the menstrual pictogram. DESIGN:A prospective evaluation of total menstrual blood loss measurement by the menstrual pictogram compared to the alkaline hematin technique. SETTING:Ac...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01847-7
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine association between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychosexual variables in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:Two private gynecology clinics. PATIENT(S):A sample of 300 women with PCOS were entered into the study and were subdivi...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.043
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To achieve maximum post-thaw survival of frozen embryos. DESIGN:Historical controlled study. SETTING:Hospital-based fertility center. PATIENT(S):One hundred forty-five patients whose embryos were frozen and thawed according to the standard method, and 56 patients whose embryos were frozen and thawed accord...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.04.054
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate tubal morphology, trophoblast proliferation, and inflammatory reaction in response to methotrexate (MTX) treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP). DESIGN:Nonrandomized controlled study. SETTING:Academic hospital. PATIENTS:Archival specimens from 10 EP unsuccessfully treated with MTX and 10 cases pri...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To harmonize the collection of nonsurgical clinical and epidemiologic data relevant to endometriosis research, allowing large-scale collaboration. DESIGN:An international collaboration involving 34 clinical/academic centers and three industry collaborators from 16 countries on five continents. SETTING:In 20...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1244
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Past practices of Natural Family Planning (NFP) have included such techniques as: 1) calendar rhythm in which a constant mathematical relationship was calculated between the day of ovulation and the beginning of the succeeding menstrual period, 2) temperature rhythm in which sexual intercourse is permitted by observi...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)45849-8
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure public attitudes toward posthumous reproduction. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:Electronic survey. PATIENT(S):A total of 1,049 men and women living in the United States between the ages of 18 and 75 years. INTERVENTION(S):Multiple-choice questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):Descriptiv...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.044
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic treatment with highly active analogs of luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone (LH-RH) induces "paradoxical" antifertility effects. Intact male rats, a reduction in testosterone production is observed after the administration of [D-Ser(But)6]-LH-RH(1-9)ethylamide (burserelin, Hoe 766), 50 ng/day subcutaneo...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)43461-8
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To present a rare case of endometrial stromal sarcoma arising in endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:Academic tertiary referral center for endometriosis treatment. PATIENT(S):A 50-year-old woman with a history of endometriosis presented with catamenial rectal pain and deep...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.09.053
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure autoantibodies that recognize oxidatively modified proteins in the sera of women with surgically proven endometriosis. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENT(S):Women undergoing surgery for endometriosis or tubal ligation. INTERVENTION(S):None. MAIN OU...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00145-4
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Under guidance of an external pulsed magnetic field the Cuproferrogel iron oxide-copper-styrene maleic anhydride-dimethyl sulphoxide delivered into the rat/rabbit oviduct resulted in oocytes with granulated cytoplasm, zona enlargement, membrane disintegration, and finally loss of viability in 72 hours. Also, the perce...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.06.032
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if pentoxifylline has an in vitro effect on human sperm motility in subjects with normal semen analysis. DESIGN:Prospective, longitudinal study of the effect of pentoxifylline on normospermic semen samples using computerized analysis. SETTING:The Assisted Conception Unit, Royal Maternity Hospit...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55708-2
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate FOXP3 polymorphisms (rs3761549, rs3761548, rs2232368, rs2232366, and rs2280883) in a group of infertile women with and without endometriosis and controls. DESIGN:Case control study. SETTING:Human Reproduction Outpatient Clinic of Faculdade de Medicina do ABC. PATIENT(S):The study groups were 17...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.033
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess correlation between blastocyst morphology and chromosomal status. DESIGN:Observational research study. SETTING:An IVF clinic and a specialist preimplanation genetic diagnosis (PGD) laboratory. PATIENT(S):Ninety-three couples undergoing IVF treatment in combination with chromosome screening of emb...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.04.003
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) on pituitary suppression, subsequent ovarian response, and results of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients. DESIGN:Randomized prospective study. SETTING:In vitro fertilization program an...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54847-x
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the psychological effects of multifetal pregnancy reduction. DESIGN AND SETTING:Hour-long semistructured telephone interviews with both multifetal pregnancy reduction patients and control subjects. PATIENTS:Forty-two multifetal pregnancy reduction patients were contacted within 1 year of undergoing...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hyperandrogenic-insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome affects between 2% and 5% of hirsute women and is characterized by INS resistance, elevated INS levels, acanthosis nigricans, and androgen excess. These patients' response to therapy is unclear, although long-acting GnRH-a suppression has been propose...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present case documents normalization of ovarian perfusion after conservative laparoscopic treatment of adnexal torsion. At our institution, Doppler flow assessment in cases of suspected torsion represents an important element of diagnosis and, in this case, allowed for early diagnosis with conservative laparoscopi...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56535-2
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four individuals with a complaint of infertility were evaluated after a semen analysis had demonstrated no motility. The semen analyses were otherwise normal, with the exception of a low count in one subject. All had normal percentages of living sperm. One of the individuals had chronic respiratory disease, and two ot...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)47549-7
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A patient with primary adrenocortical deficiency presented with galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia, in addition to the usual characteristic symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. With steroid replacement therapy, PRL levels returned to normal, with resumption of normal ovulatory cycles; and the patient became pregnant. P...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48872-2
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidermal growth factor/urogastrone (EGF/URO) was measured in the seminal plasma of 214 untreated patients attending an infertility clinic. Patients were assigned groups according to sperm density and progressive motility and in the case of azoospermia into an obstructive etiology or germinal failure. There was no sig...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60198-x
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if men with malignancy have increased sperm DNA fragmentation compared with men presenting for sperm donation. DESIGN:Retrospective observational study. SETTING:Tertiary-level fertility center. PATIENT(S):Eighty-nine men with cancer presenting for prophylactic semen cryopreservation and 35 men...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.02.015
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess whether oral administration of 100 mg of nimesulide reduces pain during or after a hysterosalpingography (HSG) performed with disposable balloon catheters. DESIGN:Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. SETTING:Reproductive Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1302
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To provide a detailed summary of current scientific knowledge of somatic stem cells (SSCs) in murine and human myometrium and their putative implication in leiomyoma formation, as well as to establish new therapeutic options. DESIGN:Pubmed and Scholar One manuscripts were used to identify the most relevant s...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.051
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine proteins aberrantly expressed in the ectopic endometrium compared with eutopic endometrium from the same patient. DESIGN:Experimental study. SETTING:Research institute and an obstetrics and gynecology clinic (National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health and Sanjeevani Diagnostic Center ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.048
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the underlying factors leading to infertility in a male patient from whom phospholipase C zeta H398P (PLCζ(H398P), histidine > proline) and PLCζ(H233L) (histidine > leucine) mutations were previously identified. DESIGN:Laboratory-based study. SETTING:University laboratory. PATIENT(S):An infertil...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.002
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in the composition of media used for human in vitro fertilization and embryo culture are reviewed, and their impact on improved pregnancy rates is discussed. It is concluded that changes to the formulation of culture media for assisted reproductive technologies over the past decade have played a significant ro...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.003
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether serum replacement with growth factor-free synthetic substances contributed to the effective establishment of embryonic stem (ES) cells. DESIGN:Randomized, prospective model study. SETTING:Gamete and stem cell biotechnology laboratory at Seoul National University in Korea. ANIMAL(S):F1 (...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.056
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review the literature to determine the magnitude of the effect of 150 micrograms desogestrel-30 micrograms ethinyl E2, an oral contraceptive (OC) formulation, on plasma lipid concentrations in healthy women using meta-analysis techniques. DATA SOURCES:All English-language published reports (1981 to 1991) ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cervical smears were taken before, and at intervals after, artificial insemination and scored for the ratio of leukocytes to squamous cells. Most women showed a significant rise in this ratio after insemination with whole fresh or frozen/thawed semen, but this was not seen when fresh or frozen sperm-free seminal plasm...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48442-6
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
