Abstract:
:Early reports have suggested that smell loss may be an early symptom associated with the pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The possibility that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might cause olfactory dysfunction is certainly plausible. Patients presenting to specialized smell clinics are commonly diagnosed with upper respiratory infection (URI)-associated olfactory loss and most are presumed to be viral related. In acute phases of infection, it is common to experience some smell loss as a result of nasal inflammation, mucosal edema, and obstruction of airflow into the olfactory cleft. In most cases, these episodes of smell loss are self-limiting and coincide with resolution of URI symptoms. However, in some cases the smell loss persists for months to years and this is presumed to occur through a more direct olfactory insult by the virus. It remains too early to know whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes persistent olfactory dysfunction. However, given the scale of this pandemic, if SARS-CoV-2 does cause chronic olfactory loss in even a small portion of those infected, then the overall population prevalence could be quite large. This review provides a brief, practical overview of viral-associated olfactory loss, realizing that evidence related to COVID-19 will likely not be clear for some time. Our goal is to highlight the existence and importance of this condition and provide information geared for both providers and patients. Practical suggestions regarding evaluation and treatment will be provided, realizing that there may be constraints on medical resources and the nature of this pandemic remains dynamic.
journal_name
Int Forum Allergy Rhinoljournal_title
International forum of allergy & rhinologyauthors
Soler ZM,Patel ZM,Turner JH,Holbrook EHdoi
10.1002/alr.22578subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-07-01 00:00:00pages
814-820issue
7eissn
2042-6976issn
2042-6984journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Inverted papilloma is a benign sinonasal tumor that arises from a localized attachment site. These attachment sites, however, have not been fully characterized in the literature. The objective of this research was to determine the specific distribution of attachment sites in patients with sinonasal papilloma...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.20054
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been found that the most common adverse reaction which occurs more frequently on cetirizine than on placebo is somnolence. However, the somnolence rate varied widely among different studies. The objective of this study was to assess the somnolence effect of cetirizine 10 mg daily compared to placebo i...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/alr.21746
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Interleukin (IL)-9 and IL-17C have been known to play a role in allergic inflammation, yet, their roles in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are not well defined. IL-9 induces changes in epithelial cell gene expression leading to goblet cell metaplasia, whereas IL-17C is functionally distinct in that its expressi...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21745
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) enjoys high success rates, but repopulation with pathogenic bacteria is 1 of the hallmarks of poorer outcomes. There are many hypothesized sources of repopulating bacteria; however, this process remains largely unexplored. This study examined changes in the sinus microbiome aft...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21630
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this work was to compare the absolute breaking strength of various soft tissue skull base (SB) repairs in an in vitro porcine model. METHODS:A burst pressure (BP) testing system was designed using an axial loading force to create increasing hydraulic pressure. Defects measuring 0.5 × 0.5 cm w...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21085
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) has evolved over the last decade as rhinologists have increasingly used topical steroid therapies and altered surgical techniques. It is important to understand the changes in success rates of surgery and frequency of revision endosco...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.22505
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endoscopic repair of anterior skull-base defects has become the gold standard for management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. Both improved techniques and adjuvant therapies have led to accepted success rates of greater than 90%. As management has evolved, shorter hospitalizations have been required ...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21810
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In February 2015, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNSF) published the Allergic Rhinitis Clinical Practice Guideline (AR-CPG). The objective of this study was to assess otolaryngologists' perception of the accuracy and adherence to the AR-CPG. METHODS:A survey was distribute...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.22096
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to compare 2010 access to, usage of, and attitudes toward image-guided surgery (IGS) for endoscopic sinus surgery and anterior skull-base surgery to those in 2005. METHODS:A mail survey of American Rhinologic Society (ARS) members was performed in January 2010. Results were compare...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.20107
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Social determinants of health can have a substantial impact on treatment outcomes. Prior study has shown that socioeconomic status influences the likelihood of improvement in quality-of-life (QOL) following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). However, the impact of socioeconomic factors on changes in productivit...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/alr.22374
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The pathophysiologic mechanism of allergy is dependent on the action of many redox-sensitive proinflammatory mediators. However, even though redox disturbances are believed to be a hallmark of inflammation, little is known of the effect of redox imbalance to the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis. We thus ...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21145
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical management of the superior turbinate (ST) is required to access the sella in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for pituitary adenoma. Two common ST management techniques include partial resection of the ST (PRST) and intentional lateralization of the ST (ILST). Given the concentrat...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.22694
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Olfaction is one of the important senses for humans. Systemic glucocorticoids are the most commonly used medications for olfactory loss because of their strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, their effect on olfactory function is still controversial and the precise mechanism is not clear. To gain a globa...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21586
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by chronic eosinophilic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, asthma, and respiratory sensitivity to aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In addition to sensitivity to aspirin and NSAIDs, the majority of patients with AERD have bee...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/alr.22168
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides are mucin-associated secretory products that are produced in the airways and gastrointestinal tract. These peptides appear to play an important role in mucosal healing and epithelial protection and are overexpressed in chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tissues. We hyp...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21334
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment options for chronic rhinosinusitis with recurrent polyposis (CRSwNP) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are limited, and include frequent use of systemic steroids and revision surgery. A bioabsorbable, steroid-eluting implant was studied for its ability to dilate sinuses obstructed by polyps and ...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/alr.21309
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Allergy-related illness impacts millions of individuals worldwide. Our objectives were to characterize current trends of clinical trials research relating to allergen immunotherapy and to describe the landscape of allergen immunotherapy in National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported research inquiry. METH...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.22016
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this work was to describe a clinical and radiographic pattern of findings that helps localize the site of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. METHODS:This study was a retrospective review of CSF leaks treated at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center from 2000 to 2009. D...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21048
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition encountered in primary care medicine and is estimated to affect 12.5% of the United States population. This study aims to compare methods of assessing health utility in CRS. METHODS:A cross-sectional sample of CRS patients (n = 137) were interviewed using d...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21556
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple prospective and retrospective studies have reported results from balloon-only procedures and hybrid balloon sinus surgeries through intermediate follow-up periods of up to 1 year. Long-term durability results beyond 2 years are limited. METHODS:One-year results from the original study of standalone...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/alr.21024
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been defined as inflammation of the paranasal sinuses lasting at least 12 weeks with corresponding 2 or more "cardinal symptoms" that include: (1) nasal obstruction; (2) thick nasal discharge; (3) facial pain/pressure; and (4) reduction or loss of sense of smell. Although pri...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/alr.21410
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) becomes unclear when patients require multiple courses of corticosteroids to maintain quality of life. Repeated courses of corticosteroids carry increased risks to patients. Although endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an effective therapeu...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/alr.21377
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21104
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, caused by an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. As evidence suggests that some genetic variants may increase susceptibility to both AR and asthma, the objective of this study was to identify asthma susce...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21725
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate adverse clinical outcomes following office-based sclerotherapy using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) for epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias (HHT or Osler-Weber-Rendu). METHODS:A retrospective chart review of 36 adult patients treated wi...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21287
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of this work was to better understand variations in perioperative management in endoscopic endonasal skull-base surgery (EESBS) and to identify trends in management based upon the practice patterns of North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) members. METHODS:A 29-question survey evaluating pe...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.22066
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antibiotics are commonly used in the management of both acute rhinosinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis. With their common use, they have become the leading medication for litigation. It is crucial for the provider to be familiar with potential complications and the medico-legal ramifi...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/alr.21433
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In lower airway disease such as asthma, epithelial cells have been shown to be potent regulators of dendritic cell (DC) functions. However, it is unclear how human sinonasal epithelial cells (HSNECs) from patients with sinusitis regulate DC functions. Therefore, in these studies we investigated the ability o...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.20055
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanism of airway remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) remains unknown. We wished to determine whether profibrotic transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and activin A and their downstream signaling proteins are increased in CRSwNP and if they are regulated in epitheli...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21516
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) demands a significant time commitment on the part of the patient, especially during the escalation period when weekly visits are required. Many patients refuse or discontinue treatment in spite of the demonstrated clinical efficacy of SCIT. Understanding the factors that aff...
journal_title:International forum of allergy & rhinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/alr.21027
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00